Beta-Labs: Web Development Interview Questions and Answers

Question 1. What Is Html?

Answer :

HTML, or HyperText Markup Language, is a Universal language which allows an individual using special code to create web pages to be viewed on the Internet.

Question 2. What Is A Tag?

Answer :

In HTML, a tag tells the browser what to do. When you write an HTML page, you enter tags for many reasons -- to change the appearance of text, to show a graphic, or to make a link to another page.

Question 3. What Is The Simplest Html Page?

Answer :

HTML Code:
<HTML>
<HEAD>
<TITLE>This is my page title! </TITLE>
</HEAD>
<BODY>
This is my message to the world!
</BODY>
</HTML>
Browser Display:
This is my message to the world!

Question 4. How Do I Create Frames? What Is A Frameset?

Answer :

Frames allow an author to divide a browser window into multiple (rectangular) regions. Multiple documents can be displayed in a single window, each within its own frame. Graphical browsers allow these frames to be scrolled independently of each other, and links can update the document displayed in one frame without affecting the others.

You can't just "add frames" to an existing document. Rather, you must create a frameset document that defines a particular combination of frames, and then display your content documents inside those frames. The frameset document should also include alternative non-framed content in a NOFRAMES element. The HTML 4 frames model has significant design flaws that cause usability problems for web users. Frames should be used only with great care.

Question 5. How Can I Include Comments In Html?

Answer :

Technically, since HTML is an SGML application, HTML uses SGML comment syntax. However, the full syntax is complex, and browsers don't support it in its entirety anyway. Therefore, use the following simplified rule to create HTML comments that both have valid syntax and work in browsers:

An HTML comment begins with "", and does not contain "--" or ">" anywhere in the comment.
The following are examples of HTML comments:

* 
* 
* 

Do not put comments inside tags (i.e., between "<" and ">") in HTML markup.

Question 6. What Is A Hypertext Link?

Answer :

A hypertext link is a special tag that links one page to another page or resource. If you click the link, the browser jumps to the link's destination.

Question 7. What Is Everyone Using To Write Html?

Answer :

Everyone has a different preference for which tool works best for them. Keep in mind that typically the less HTML the tool requires you to know, the worse the output of the HTML. In other words, you can always do it better by hand if you take the time to learn a little HTML.

Question 8. What Is A Doctype? Which One Do I Use?

Answer :

According to HTML standards, each HTML document begins with a DOCTYPE declaration that specifies which version of HTML the document uses. Originally, the DOCTYPE declaration was used only by SGML-based tools like HTML validators, which needed to determine which version of HTML a document used (or claimed to use).

Today, many browsers use the document's DOCTYPE declaration to determine whether to use a stricter, more standards-oriented layout mode, or to use a "quirks" layout mode that attempts to emulate older, buggy browsers.

Question 9. Can I Nest Tables Within Tables?

Answer :

Yes, a table can be embedded inside a cell in another table. Here's a simple example:
<table>
<tr>
<td>this is the first cell of the outer table</td>
<td>this is the second cell of the outer table,

with the inner table embedded in it
<table>
<tr>
<td>this is the first cell of the inner table</td>
<td>this is the second cell of the inner table</td>
</tr>
</table>
</td>
</tr>
</table>

The main caveat about nested tables is that older versions of Netscape Navigator have problems with them if you don't explicitly close your TR, TD, and TH elements. To avoid problems, include every </tr>, </td>, and </th> tag, even though the HTML specifications don't require them. Also, older versions of Netscape Navigator have problems with tables that are nested extremely deeply (e.g., tables nested ten deep). To avoid problems, avoid nesting tables more than a few deep. You may be able to use the ROWSPAN and COLSPAN attributes to minimize table nesting. Finally, be especially sure to validate your markup whenever you use nested tables.

Question 10. How Do I Align A Table To The Right (or Left)?

Answer :

You can use <TABLE ALIGN="right"> to float a table to the right. (Use ALIGN="left" to float it to the left.) Any content that follows the closing </TABLE> tag will flow around the table. Use <BR CLEAR="right"> or <BR CLEAR="all"> to mark the end of the text that is to flow around the table, as shown in this example:
The table in this example will float to the right.
<table align="right">...</table>
This text will wrap to fill the available space to the left of (and if the text is long enough, below) the table.
<br clear="right">
This text will appear below the table, even if there is additional room to its left.

Question 11. How Can I Use Tables To Structure Forms?

Answer :

Small forms are sometimes placed within a TD element within a table. This can be a useful for positioning a form relative to other content, but it doesn't help position the form-related elements relative to each other.
To position form-related elements relative to each other, the entire table must be within the form. You cannot start a form in one TH or TD element and end in another. You cannot place the form within the table without placing it inside a TH or TD element. You can put the table inside the form, and then use the table to position the INPUT, TEXTAREA, SELECT, and other form-related elements, as shown in the following example.

<FORM ACTION="[URL]">
<TABLE BORDER="0">
<TR>
<TH>Account:</TH>
<TD><INPUT TYPE="text" NAME="account"></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TH>Password:</TH>
<TD><INPUT TYPE="password" NAME="password"></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD> </TD>
<TD><INPUT TYPE="submit" NAME="Log On"></TD>
</TR>
</TABLE>
</FORM>

Question 12. How Do I Center A Table?

Answer :

In your HTML, use

<div class="center">
<table>...</table>
</div>

In your CSS, use

div.center {
text-align: center;
}

div.center table {
margin-left: auto;
margin-right: auto;
text-align: left;
}

Question 13. How Do I Use Forms?

Answer :

The basic syntax for a form is: <FORM ACTION="[URL]">...</FORM>
When the form is submitted, the form data is sent to the URL specified in the ACTION attribute. This URL should refer to a server-side (e.g., CGI) program that will process the form data. The form itself should contain

at least one submit button (i.e., an <INPUT TYPE="submit" ...> element),
* form data elements (e.g., <INPUT>, <TEXTAREA>, and <SELECT>) as needed, and
* additional markup (e.g., identifying data elements, presenting instructions) as needed.

Question 14. How Can I Check For Errors?

Answer :

HTML validators check HTML documents against a formal definition of HTML syntax and then output a list of errors. Validation is important to give the best chance of correctness on unknown browsers (both existing browsers that you haven't seen and future browsers that haven't been written yet).

HTML checkers (linters) are also useful. These programs check documents for specific problems, including some caused by invalid markup and others caused by common browser bugs. Checkers may pass some invalid documents, and they may fail some valid ones.

All validators are functionally equivalent; while their reporting styles may vary, they will find the same errors given identical input. Different checkers are programmed to look for different problems, so their reports will vary significantly from each other. Also, some programs that are called validators (e.g. the "CSE HTML Validator") are really linters/checkers. They are still useful, but they should not be confused with real HTML validators.

When checking a site for errors for the first time, it is often useful to identify common problems that occur repeatedly in your markup. Fix these problems everywhere they occur (with an automated process if possible), and then go back to identify and fix the remaining problems.

Link checkers follow all the links on a site and report which ones are no longer functioning. CSS checkers report problems with CSS style sheets.

Question 15. Do I Have To Memorize A Bunch Of Tags?

Answer :

No. Most programs that help you write HTML code already know most tags, and create them when you press a button. But you should understand what a tag is, and how it works. That way you can correct errors in your page more easily.

Question 16. How Do I Make A Form So It Can Be Submitted By Hitting Enter?

Answer :

The short answer is that the form should just have one <INPUT TYPE=TEXT> and no TEXTAREA, though it can have other form elements like checkboxes and radio buttons.

Question 17. How Do I Set The Focus To The First Form Field?

Answer :

You cannot do this with HTML. However, you can include a script after the form that sets the focus to the appropriate field, like this:

<form id="myform" name="myform" action=...>
<input type="text" id="myinput" name="myinput" ...>
</form>

<script type="text/javascript">
document.myform.myinput.focus();
</script>

A similar approach uses <body onload=...> to set the focus, but some browsers seem to process the ONLOAD event before the entire document (i.e., the part with the form) has been loaded.

Question 18. How Can I Eliminate The Extra Space After A Tag?

Answer :

HTML has no mechanism to control this. However, with CSS, you can set the margin-bottom of the form to 0. For example:
<form style="margin-bottom:0;" action=...>

You can also use a CSS style sheet to affect all the forms on a page:
form { margin-bottom: 0 ; }

Question 19. How Can I Show Html Examples Without Them Being Interpreted As Part Of My Document?

Answer :

Within the HTML example, first replace the "&" character with "&" everywhere it occurs. Then replace the "<" character with "<" and the ">" character with ">" in the same way.

Note that it may be appropriate to use the CODE and/or PRE elements when displaying HTML examples.

Question 20. How Do I Eliminate The Blue Border Around Linked Images?

Answer :

In your HTML, you can specify the BORDER attribute for the image:
<a href=...><img src=... alt=... border="0"></a>
However, note that removing the border that indicates an image is a link makes it harder for users to distinguish quickly and easily which images on a web page are clickable.

Question 21. How Can I Specify Colors?

Answer :

If you want others to view your web page with specific colors, the most appropriate way is to suggest the colors with a style sheet. Cascading Style Sheets use the color and background-color properties to specify text and background colors. To avoid conflicts between the reader's default colors and those suggested by the author, these two properties should always be used together.

With HTML, you can suggest colors with the TEXT, LINK, VLINK (visited link), ALINK (active link), and BGCOLOR (background color) attributes of the BODY element.

Note that these attributes are deprecated by HTML 4. Also, if one of these attributes is used, then all of them should be used to ensure that the reader's default colors do not interfere with those suggested by the author. Here is an example:

<body bgcolor="#ffffff" text="#000000" link="#0000ff" vlink="#800080" alink="#000080">
Authors should not rely on the specified colors since browsers allow their users to override document-specified colors.

Question 22. How Can I Allow File Uploads To My Web Site?

Answer :

These things are necessary for Web-based uploads:

* An HTTP server that accepts uploads.
* Access to the /cgi-bin/ to put the receiving script. Prewritten CGI file-upload scripts are available.
* A form implemented something like this:

<form method="post" enctype="multipart/form-data" action="fup.cgi">
File to upload: <input type=file name=upfile><br>
Notes about the file: <input type=text name=note><br>
<input type=submit value=Press> to upload the file!
</form>

Not all browsers support form-based file upload, so try to give alternatives where possible.
The Perl CGI.pm module supports file upload. The most recent versions of the cgi-lib.pl library also support file upload. Also, if you need to do file upload in conjunction with form-to-email, the Perl package MIME::Lite handles email attachments.

Question 23. How Can I Require That Fields Be Filled In, Or Filled In Correctly?

Answer :

Have the server-side (e.g., CGI) program that processes the form submission send an error message if the field is not filled in properly. Ideally, this error message should include a copy of the original form with the original (incomplete or incorrect) data filled in as the default values for the form fields. The Perl CGI.pm module provides helpful mechanisms for returning partially completed forms to the user.

In addition, you could use JavaScript in the form's ONSUBMIT attribute to check the form data. If JavaScript support is enabled, then the ONSUBMIT event handler can inform the user of the problem and return false to prevent the form from being submitted.

Question 24. How Do I Change The Title Of A Framed Document?

Answer :

The title displayed is the title of the frameset document rather than the titles of any of the pages within frames. To change the title displayed, link to a new frameset document using TARGET="_top" (replacing the entire frameset).

Question 25. How Do I Link An Image To Something?

Answer :

Just use the image as the link content, like this:

<a href=...><img src=... alt=...></a>

Question 26. How Do I Specify A Specific Combination Of Frames Instead Of The Default Document?

Answer :

This is unfortunately not possible. When you navigate through a site using frames, the URL will not change as the documents in the individual frames change. This means that there is no way to indicate the combination of documents that make up the current state of the frameset.

The author can provide multiple frameset documents, one for each combination of frame content. These frameset documents can be generated automatically, perhaps being created on the fly by a CGI program. Rather than linking to individual content documents, the author can link to these separate frameset documents using TARGET="_top". Thus, the URL of the current frameset document will always specify the combination of frames being displayed, which allows links, bookmarks, etc. to function normally.

Question 27. How Do I Create A Link?

Answer :

Use an anchor element. The HREF attribute specifies the URL of the document that you want to link to. The following example links the text "Web Authoring FAQ" to <URL:http://www.htmlhelp.com/faq/html/>:
<A HREF="http://www.yoursite.com/faq/html/">Web Authoring FAQ</A>

Question 28. How Do I Create A Link That Opens A New Window?

Answer :

<a target="_blank" href=...> opens a new, unnamed window.
<a target="example" href=...> opens a new window named "example", provided that a window or frame by that name does not already exist.

Note that the TARGET attribute is not part of HTML 4 Strict. In HTML 4 Strict, new windows can be created only with JavaScript. links that open new windows can be annoying to your readers if there is not a good reason for them.

Question 29. How Do I Create A Button Which Acts Like A Link?

Answer :

This is best done with a small form:

<FORM ACTION="[URL]" METHOD=GET>
<INPUT TYPE=submit VALUE="Text on button">
</FORM>

If you want to line up buttons next to each other, you will have to put them in a one-row table, with each button in a separate cell.

Question 30. How Can I Make A Form With Custom Buttons?

Answer :

Rather than a normal submit button (<input type="submit" ...>), you can use the image input type (<input type="image" ...>). The image input type specifies a graphical submit button that functions like a server-side image map.

Unlike normal submit buttons (which return a name=value pair), the image input type returns the x-y coordinates of the location where the user clicked on the image. The browser returns the x-y coordinates as name.x=000 and name.y=000 pairs.

ronments, the VALUE and ALT attributes should be set to the same value as the NAME attribute. For example:

<input type="image" name="Send" alt="Send" value="Send" src="send-button.gif">
For the reset button, one could use <button type="reset" ...>, JavaScript, and/or style sheets, although none of these mechanisms work universally.

Question 31. How Do I Specify Page Breaks In Html?

Answer :

There is no way in standard HTML to specify where page breaks will occur when printing a page. HTML was designed to be a device-independent structural definition language, and page breaks depend on things like the fonts and paper size that the person viewing the page is using.

Question 32. How Do I Remove The Border Around Frames?

Answer :

Removing the border around frames involves both not drawing the frame borders and eliminating the space between the frames. The most widely supported way to display borderless frames is <FRAMESET ... BORDER=0 FRAMEBORDER=0 FRAMESPACING=0>.

Note that these attributes are proprietary and not part of the HTML 4.01 specifications. (HTML 4.01 does define the FRAMEBORDER attribute for the FRAME element, but not for the FRAMESET element.) Also, removing the border around a frame makes it difficult to resize it, as this border is also used in most GUIs to change the size of the frame.

Question 33. Why Aren't My Frames The Exact Size I Specified?

Answer :

Older versions of Netscape Navigator seems to convert pixel-based frame dimensions to whole percentages, and to use those percentage-based dimensions when laying out the frames. Thus, frames with pixel-based dimensions will be rendered with a slightly different size than that specified in the frameset document. The rounding error will vary depending on the exact size of the browser window. Furthermore, Navigator seems to store the percentage-based dimensions internally, rather than the original pixel-based dimensions. Thus, when a window is resized, the frames are redrawn based on the new window size and the old percentage-based dimensions.

There is no way to prevent this behavior. To accommodate it, you should design your site to adapt to variations in the frame dimensions. This is another situation where it is a good idea to accommodate variations in the browser's presentation.

Question 34. How Can I Specify Background Images?

Answer :

With HTML, you can suggest a background image with the BACKGROUND attribute of the BODY element. Here is an example:

If you specify a background image, you should also specify text, link, and background colors since the reader's default colors may not provide adequate contrast against your background image. The background color may be used by those not using your background image. Authors should not rely on the specified background image since browsers allow their users to disable image loading or to override document-specified backgrounds.

Question 35. How Can I Copy Something From A Webpage To My Webpage?

Answer :

1: Plaintext or any text information viewable from your browser can be easily copied like any other text from any other file.
2: HTML and web scripts - you will need to view the web page's source code. In the page's source code, copying the tags as well as all the information in-between these tags will usually enable the script to work on your web page.
3: Images, sounds, or movies - Almost all images, sounds, and movies can be copied to your computer and then viewed on your webpage. Images can be easily copied from a webpage by right-clicking an image and selecting "Save Picture as" or "Save Image as". Unless the sound or movies file has a direct link to download and save the file to a specified location on your hard disk drive or to view your Internet browser's cache and locate the sound or movie file saved in the cache.
4. Embedded objects - Looking at the source code of the object to determine the name of the file and how it is loaded, and copy both the code and the file.

Question 36. Is It Possible To Make The Html Source Not Viewable?

Answer :

In short, there is no real method or script for making standard HTML source code not viewable. You may consider doing any of the below if they are concerned about your source code.
1. Create the web page in Macromedia Flash or a similar program. The visitor would need to download the Macromedia Flash plug-in and would be unable to view the source code for the flash applet.
2. There are various scripts that will disable the right click feature, preventing the user from saving images or viewing the source. However, this will not protect the source code of your page. For example, Internet Explorer users may still click "View" and "Source" to view the source code of the page, or a user could disable scripts and images can be saved by simply saving the web page to the hard drive.
3. There are several programs that will help scramble your code, making it difficult (not impossible) to read. Again, this is not going to prevent someone from viewing your code.

Question 37. Why Doesn't My Title Show Up When I Click "check It Out"?

Answer :

You're probably looking at the wrong part of the screen. The Title usually shows up in the Title Bar on the Window, to the left of the minimize/maximize buttons on graphical browsers.

Question 38. What Is The Difference Between The Html Form Methods Get And Post?

Answer :

The method parameter specifies which method the client is using to send information to the WEB server. The method determines which parameter you will find the CGI request data in:
* POST - post_args
* GET - httpargs

Question 39. How Do I Put Sounds For Older Versions Of Internet Explorer?

Answer :

For older versions of Internet Explorer, this technique was used <BG SOUND="sound.ext">.

Question 40. Can I Use Any Html In The Box?

Answer :

Yes. Any HTML tag that your browser supports will work in the box. So you can carry tags from chapters to chapters and mix and match.

Question 41. How To Transferring User To New Web Page Automatically?

Answer :

You will need to use the below meta tag.
<META HTTP-EQUIV="Refresh" CONTENT="2"; URL="http://www.yourname.com">
Placing the above tag in your <HEAD></HEAD> will load yousite.com in 2 seconds.
Changing the 2 value on CONTENT="2" to another value will increase or decrease the delay until loading the new page.

Question 42. How Do I Keep People From Stealing My Source Code And/or Images?

Answer :

Because copies of your HTML files and images are stored in cache, it is impossible to prevent someone from being able to save them onto their hard drive. If you are concerned about your images, you may wish to embed a watermark with your information into the image. Consult your image editing program's help file for more details.

Question 43. The Colors On My Page Look Different When Viewed On A Mac And A Pc.

Answer :

The Mac and the PC use slightly different color palettes. There is a 216 "browser safe" color palette that both platforms support; the Microsoft color picker page has some good information and links to other resources about this. In addition, the two platforms use different gamma (brightness) values, so a graphic that looks fine on the Mac may look too dark on the PC. The only way to address this problem is to tweak the brightness of your image so that it looks acceptable on both platforms.

Question 44. How Do You Create Tabs Or Indents In Web Pages?

Answer :

There was a tag proposed for HTML 3.0, but it was never adopted by any major browser and the draft specification has now expired. You can simulate a tab or indent in various ways, including using a transparent GIF, but none are quite as satisfactory or widely supported as an official tag would be.

Question 45. My Page Looks Good On One Browser, But Not On Another.

Answer :

There are slight differences between browsers, such as Netscape Navigator and Microsoft Internet Explorer, in areas such as page margins. The only real answer is to use standard HTML tags whenever possible, and view your pages in multiple browsers to see how they look.

Question 46. When I Try To Upload My Site, All My Images Are X's. How Do I Get Them To Load Correctly?

Answer :

They are a few reasons that this could happen. The most common are:

1. You're attempting to use a .bmp or .tif or other non-supported file format. You can only use .gif and .jpg on the web. You must convert files that are not .gif or .jpg into a .gif or .jpg with your image/graphics program.
2. You've forgotten to upload the graphic files. Double-Check.
3. You've incorrectly linked to the images. When you are starting out, try just using the file name in the <img> tag. If you have cat.jpg, use
img src="cat.jpg">.
4. Image file names are case-sensitive. If your file is called CaT.JpG, you cannot type cat.jpg, you must type CaT.JpG exactly in the src.
5. If all of the above fail, re-upload the image in BINARY mode. You may have accidentally uploaded the image in ASCII mode.

Question 47. Why Does The Browser Show My Plain Html Source?

Answer :

If Microsoft Internet Explorer displays your document normally, but other browsers display your plain HTML source, then most likely your web server is sending the document with the MIME type "text/plain". Your web server needs to be configured to send that filename with the MIME type "text/html". Often, using the filename extension ".html" or ".htm" is all that is necessary. If you are seeing this behavior while viewing your HTML documents on your local Windows filesystem, then your text editor may have added a ".txt" filename extension automatically. You should rename filename.html.txt to filename.html so that Windows will treat the file as an HTML document.

Question 48. How Can I Display An Image On My Page?

Answer :

Use an IMG element. The SRC attribute specifies the location of the image. The ALT attribute provides alternate text for those not loading images. For example:

<img src="logo.gif" alt="ACME Products">

Question 49. Why Do My Links Open New Windows Rather Than Update An Existing Frame?

Answer :

If there is no existing frame with the name you used for the TARGET attribute, then a new browser window will be opened, and this window will be assigned the name you used. Furthermore, TARGET="_blank" will open a new, unnamed browser window.

In HTML 4, the TARGET attribute value is case-insensitive, so that abc and ABC both refer to the same frame/window, and _top and _TOP both have the same meaning. However, most browsers treat the TARGET attribute value as case-sensitive and do not recognize ABC as being the same as abc, or _TOP as having the special meaning of _top.

Also, some browsers include a security feature that prevents documents from being hijacked by third-party framesets. In these browsers, if a document's link targets a frame defined by a frameset document that is located on a different server than the document itself, then the link opens in a new window instead.

Question 50. How Do I Make A Frame With A Vertical Scrollbar But Without A Horizontal Scrollbar?

Answer :

The only way to have a frame with a vertical scrollbar but without a horizontal scrollbar is to define the frame with SCROLLING="auto" (the default), and to have content that does not require horizontal scrolling. There is no way to specify that a frame should have one scrollbar but not the other. Using SCROLLING="yes" will force scrollbars in both directions (even when they aren't needed), and using SCROLLING="no" will inhibit all scrollbars (even when scrolling is necessary to access the frame's content). There are no other values for the SCROLLING attribute.

Question 51. What Are The Attributes That Make Up A Dhtml?

Answer :

DHTML is called as Dynamic HTML. This is used to increase the interactive ability and the visual effect of the web pages which is loaded in the browser. The main technologies that are used in DHTML are namely:
* HTML
* JavaScript
* CSS which is also called as Cascading Style Sheet
* DOM also called as Document Object Model

Question 52. What Is Meant By Iframe ?

Answer :

iframe is used for creating an inline or floating frame. As most of know frames are mainly used to structure the page or for placing a menu bar on the side and so on. But iframe is used in a different context. That is in other words iframe is used to embed or insert content on a page of padding. This is done for several reasons. Say the content may be large enough that the user may wish to place it separately and scroll through it.

Question 53. How To Place A Background For A Single Table Cell?

Answer :

You can put a background for a single table cell in two ways namely: Either by using HTML Using CSS

Question 54. What Are Differences Between Div And Span?

Answer :

DIV is used to select a block of text so that one can apply styles to it. SPAN is used to select inline text and let users to apply styles to it. The main difference between DIV and SPAN is SPAN does not do formatting by itself. Also the DIV tag is used as a paragraph break as it creates a logical division of the document in which it is applied. This is in contrast to the SPAN as SPAN simply dos the functionality of applying the style and alignment whatever was specified in it. DIV has ALIGN attribute in it which is not present in case of SPAN. Thus DIV is used in cases where one wants to apply styles to a block of text. But there may be situations in which there might not be clear well structured block of text to work with. In those cases one can opt to apply SPAN which is used to apply styles inline. That is in other words DIV is generally used for block of text and SPAN is generally used for words or sentences.

Question 55. What Are The Differences Between Cell Spacing And Cell Padding?

Answer :

Cell padding is used for formatting purpose which is used to specify the space needed between the edges of the cells and also in the cell contents. Cell spacing is one also used f formatting but there is a major difference between cell padding and cell spacing. It is as follows: Cell padding is used to set extra space which is used to separate cell walls from their contents. But in contrast cell spacing is used to set space between cells.

Question 56. How Do I Add Scrolling Text To My Page?

Answer :

Add a Tag of marquee

Question 57. How Do I Close A Browser Window With Html Code?

Answer :

Use the below code example. < type="button" value="Close this window" onclick="self.close()">

Question 58. How Do I Do Multiple Colors Of Text?

Answer :

To do the multicolor text adjust the color of your font tag as:
< font color="blue">blue

Question 59. What Are Style Sheets?

Answer :

Style Sheets are templates, very similar to templates in desktop publishing applications, containing a collection of rules declared to various selectors (elements).

Question 60. What Are Cascading Style Sheets?

Answer :

A Cascading Style Sheet (CSS) is a list of statements (also known as rules) that can assign various rendering properties to HTML elements. Style rules can be specified for a single element occurrence, multiple elements, an entire document, or even multiple documents at once. It is possible to specify many different rules for an element in different locations using different methods. All these rules are collected and merged (known as a "cascading" of styles) when the document is rendered to form a single style rule for each element.

Question 61. What Is External Style Sheet? How To Link?

Answer :

External Style Sheet is a template/document/file containing style information which can be linked with any number of HTML documents. This is a very convenient way of formatting the entire site as well as restyling it by editing just one file. The file is linked with HTML documents via the LINK element inside the HEAD element. Files containing style information must have extension .css, e.g. style.css.

Question 62. Is Css Case Sensitive?

Answer :

Cascading Style Sheets (CSS) is not case sensitive. However, font families, URLs to images, and other direct references with the style sheet may be.

The trick is that if you write a document using an XML declaration and an XHTML doctype, then the CSS class names will be case sensitive for some browsers.

It is a good idea to avoid naming classes where the only difference is the case, for example:

div.myclass { ...}
div.myClass { ... }

If the DOCTYPE or XML declaration is ever removed from your pages, even by mistake, the last instance of the style will be used, regardless of case.

Question 63. What Is Css Rule 'ruleset'?

Answer :

There are two types of CSS rules: ruleset and at-rule. Ruleset identifies selector or selectors and declares style which is to be attached to that selector or selectors. For example P {text-indent: 10pt} is a CSS rule. CSS rulesets consist of two parts: selector, e.g. P and declaration, e.g. {text-indent: 10pt}.

P {text-indent: 10pt} - CSS rule (ruleset)
{text-indent: 10pt} - CSS declaration
text-indent - CSS property
10pt - CSS value

Question 64. 'fixed' Background?

Answer :

There is the possibility to use the HTML tag bgproperties="fixed", but that is IE proprietary, and dependent upon the 'background' attribute (deprecated in HTML4).

With CSS, you can declare the background like:

BODY {
font-family : "Trebuchet MS", Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;
background-image: url(images/yourimage.gif);
background-repeat: no-repeat; /*no-tiling background*/
background-position: center;
background-attachment: fixed;
background-color: #hexcolor;
color : #hexcolor;
margin: 10px;
}

that shows a background-image in the center of the <BODY> element, non-scrolling and non-repeating - in IE or NN6. NN 4.xx gets the non-repeat-part right, but stuffs the picture in the upper left corner and scrolls ...

Question 65. What Is Embedded Style? How To Link?

Answer :

Embedded style is the style attached to one specific document. The style information is specified as a content of the STYLE element inside the HEAD element and will apply to the entire document.

<HEAD>
<STYLE TYPE="text/css">

</STYLE>
</HEAD>

Note: The styling rules are written as a HTML comment, that is, between  to hide the content in browsers without CSS support which would otherwise be displayed.

Question 66. How Do I Have A Background Image That Isn't Tiled?

Answer :

Specify the background-repeat property as no-repeat. You can also use the background property as a shortcut for specifying multiple background-* properties at once. Here's an example:

BODY {background: #FFF url(watermark.jpg) no-repeat;}

Question 67. Why Do Style Sheets Exist?

Answer :

SGML (of which HTML is a derivative) was meant to be a device-independent method for conveying a document's structural and semantic content (its meaning.) It was never meant to convey physical formatting information. HTML has crossed this line and now contains many elements and attributes which specify visual style and formatting information. One of the main reasons for style sheets is to stop the creation of new HTML physical formatting constructs and once again separate style information from document content.

Question 68. What Is Inline Style? How To Link?

Answer :

Inline style is the style attached to one specific element. The style is specified directly in the start tag as a value of the STYLE attribute and will apply exclusively to this specific element occurrence.

<P STYLE="text-indent: 10pt">Indented paragraph</P>

Question 69. What Is A Style Sheet?

Answer :

Style sheets are the way that standards-compliant Web designers define the layout, look-and-feel, and design of their pages. They are called Cascading Style Sheets or CSS. With style sheets, a designer can define many aspects of a Web page:

fonts
* colors
* layout
* positioning
* imagery
* accessibility

Style sheets give you a lot of power to define how your pages will look. And another great thing about them is that style sheets make it really easy to update your pages when you want to make a new design. Simply load in a new style sheet onto your pages and you're done.

Question 70. How Do I Place Text Over An Image?

Answer :

To place text or image over an image you use the position property. The below example is supported by IE 4.0. All you have to do is adapt the units to your need.

<div style="position: relative; width: 200px; height: 100px">
<div style="position: absolute; top: 0; left: 0; width: 200px">
<image>
</div>
<div style="position: absolute; top: 20%; left: 20%; width: 200px">
Text that nicely wraps
</div>
</div>

Question 71. Why Does My Content Shift To The Left On Some Pages (in Ff)?

Answer :

That'll be the pages with more content? The ones that have a vertical scrollbar? If you look in IE there's probably a white space on the right where there would be a scrollbar if there were enough content to require one. In Firefox, the scrollbar appears when it's needed and the viewport becomes about 20px smaller, so the content seems to shift to the left when you move from a page with little content to one with lots of content. It's not a bug or something that needs to be fixed, but it does confuse and irritate some developers.

If, for some reason, you'd like Firefox to always have scrollbars - whether they're needed or not - you can do this :

CSS html {
height:100.1%;
}

Question 72. How Do I Combine Multiple Sheets Into One?

Answer :

To combine multiple/partial style sheets into one set the TITLE attribute taking one and the same value to the LINK element. The combined style will apply as a preferred style, e.g.:

<LINK REL=Stylesheet HREF="default.css" TITLE="combined">
<LINK REL=Stylesheet HREF="fonts.css" TITLE="combined">
<LINK REL=Stylesheet HREF="tables.css" TITLE="combined">

Question 73. Which Set Of Definitions, Html Attributes Or Css Properties, Take Precedence?

Answer :

CSS properties take precedence over HTML attributes. If both are specified, HTML attributes will be displayed in browsers without CSS support but won't have any effect in browsers with CSS support.

Question 74. Why Call The Subtended Angle A "pixel", Instead Of Something Else (e.g. "subangle")?

Answer :

In most cases, a CSS pixel will be equal to a device pixel. But, as you point out, the definition of a CSS pixel will sometimes be different. For example, on a laser printer, one CSS pixel can be equal to 3x3 device pixels to avoid printing illegibly small text and images. I don't recall anyone ever proposing another name for it. Subangle? Personally, I think most people would prefer the pragmatic "px" to the non-intuitive "sa".

Question 75. Why Was The Decision Made To Make Padding Apply Outside Of The Width Of A 'box', Rather Than Inside, Which Would Seem To Make More Sense?

Answer :

It makes sense in some situations, but not in others. For example, when a child element is set to width: 100%, I don't think it should cover the padding of its parent. The box-sizing property in CSS3 addresses this issue. Ideally, the issue should have been addressed earlier, though.

Question 76. Can Css Be Used With Other Than Html Documents?

Answer :

Yes. CSS can be used with any ny structured document format. e.g. XML, however, the method of linking CSS with other document types has not been decided yet.

Question 77. Can Style Sheets And Html Stylistic Elements Be Used In The Same Document?

Answer :

Yes. Style Sheets will be ignored in browsers without CSS-support and HTML stylistic elements used.

Question 78. How Do I Design For Backward Compatibility Using Style Sheets?

Answer :

Existing HTML style methods (such as <font SIZE> and <b>) may be easily combined with style sheet specification methods. Browsers that do not understand style sheets will use the older HTML formatting methods, and style sheets specifications can control the appearance of these elements in browsers that support CSS1.

Question 79. Why Use Style Sheets?

Answer :

Style sheets allow a much greater degree of layout and display control than has ever been possible thus far in HTML. The amount of format coding necessary to control display characteristics can be greatly reduced through the use of external style sheets which can be used by a group of documents. Also, multiple style sheets can be integrated from different sources to form a cohesive tapestry of styles for a document. Style sheets are also backward compatible - They can be mixed with HTML styling elements and attributes so that older browsers can view content as intended.

Question 80. What Is Css Rule 'at-rule'?

Answer :

There are two types of CSS rules: ruleset and at-rule. At-rule is a rule that applies to the whole style sheet and not to a specific selector only (like in ruleset). They all begin with the @ symbol followed by a keyword made up of letters a-z, A-Z, digits 0-9, dashes and escaped characters, e.g. @import or @font-face.

Question 81. What Is Selector?

Answer :

CSS selector is equivalent of HTML element(s). It is a string identifying to which element(s) the corresponding declaration(s) will apply and as such the link between the HTML document and the style sheet.

For example in P {text-indent: 10pt} the selector is P and is called type selector as it matches all instances of this element type in the document.

in P, UL {text-indent: 10pt} the selector is P and UL (see grouping); in .class {text-indent: 10pt} the selector is .class (see class selector).

Question 82. What Is Css Declaration?

Answer :

CSS declaration is style attached to a specific selector. It consists of two parts; property which is equivalent of HTML attribute, e.g. text-indent: and value which is equivalent of HTML value, e.g. 10pt. NOTE: properties are always ended with a colon.

Question 83. What Is 'important' Declaration?

Answer :

Important declaration is a declaration with increased weight. Declaration with increased weight will override declarations with normal weight. If both reader's and author's style sheet contain statements with important declarations the author's declaration will override the reader's.

BODY {background: white ! important; color: black}

In the example above the background property has increased weight while the color property has normal.

Question 84. What Is Cascade?

Answer :

Cascade is a method of defining the weight (importance) of individual styling rules thus allowing conflicting rules to be sorted out should such rules apply to the same selector.

Declarations with increased weight take precedence over declaration with normal weight:

P {color: white ! important} /* increased weight */
P (color: black} /* normal weight */

Question 85. Are Style Sheets Case Sensitive?

Answer :

No. Style sheets are case insensitive. Whatever is case insensitive in HTML is also case insensitive in CSS. However, parts that are not under control of CSS like font family names and URLs can be case sensitive - IMAGE.gif and image.gif is not the same file.

Question 86. How Do I Have A Non-tiling (non-repeating) Background Image?

Answer :

With CSS, you can use the background-repeat property. The background repeat can be included in the short hand background property, as in this example:

body {
background: white url(example.gif) no-repeat ;
color: black ;
}

Question 87. Styles Not Showing?

Answer :

There are different ways to apply CSS to a HTML document with a stylesheet, and these different ways can be combined:

inline (internal) (Deprecated for XHTML)
* embedded (internal)
* linked (external) and
* @import (external)

Note: An external stylesheet is a text file that contains only CSS Styles. HTML comments are not supposed to be in there and can lead to misinterpretation (> is the CSS "Child" selector!).

Question 88. How Do I Quote Font Names In Quoted Values Of The Style Attribute?

Answer :

The attribute values can contain both single quotes and double quotes as long as they come in matching pairs. If two pair of quotes are required include single quotes in double ones or vice versa:

<P STYLE="font-family: 'New Times Roman'; font-size: 90%">
<P STYLE='font-family: "New Times Roman"; font-size: 90%'>

It's been reported the latter method doesn't work very well in some browsers, therefore the first one should be used.

Question 89. What Can Be Done With Style Sheets That Can Not Be Accomplished With Regular Html?

Answer :

Many of the recent extensions to HTML have been tentative and somewhat crude attempts to control document layout. Style sheets go several steps beyond, and introduces complex border, margin and spacing control to most HTML elements. It also extends the capabilities introduced by most of the existing HTML browser extensions. Background colors or images can now be assigned to ANY HTML element instead of just the BODY element and borders can now be applied to any element instead of just to tables. For more information on the possible properties in CSS, see the Index DOT Css Property Index.

Question 90. What Is Property?

Answer :

Property is a stylistic parameter (attribute) that can be influenced through CSS, e.g. FONT or WIDTH. There must always be a corresponing value or values set to each property, e.g. font: bold or font: bold san-serif.

Question 91. How Do I Write My Style Sheet So That It Gracefully Cascades With User's Personal Sheet ?

Answer :

You can help with this by setting properties in recommended places. Style rules that apply to the whole document should be set in the BODY element -- and only there. In this way, the user can easily modify document-wide style settings.

Question 92. How Can I Make A Page Look The Same In E.g. Ns And Msie ?

Answer :

The simple answer is, you can't, and you shouldn't waste your time trying to make it exactly the same. Web browsers are allowed, per definition, to interpret a page as they like, subject to the general rules set down in the HTML and CSS specifications. As a web author you can not have a prior knowledge of the exact situation and/or medium that will be used to render your page, and it's almost always rather counterproductive to try to control that process. There is no necessity for a well-written page to look the same in different browsers. You may want to strive to ensure that it looks good in more than one browser, even if the actual display (in the case of graphical browsers) comes out a bit different. "Looking good" can be achieved by adopting sensible design and guidelines, such as not fixing the size or face of your fonts, not fixing the width of tables, etc… Don't fight the medium; most web users only use one browser and will never know, or bother to find out, that your page looks different, or even "better", in any other browser.

Question 93. Is There Anything That Can't Be Replaced By Style Sheets?

Answer :

Quite a bit actually. Style sheets only specify information that controls display and rendering information. Virtual style elements that convey the NATURE of the content can not be replaced by style sheets, and hyperlinking and multimedia object insertion is not a part of style sheet functionality at all (although controlling how those objects appear IS part of style sheets functionality.) The CSS1 specification has gone out of its way to absorb ALL of the HTML functionality used in controlling display and layout characteristics. For more information on the possible properties in CSS, see the Index DOT Css Property Index.

Rule of Thumb: if an HTML element or attribute gives cues as to how its contents should be displayed, then some or all of its functionality has been absorbed by style sheets.

Question 94. Can I Include Comments In My Style Sheet?

Answer :

Yes. Comments can be written anywhere where whitespace is allowed and are treated as white space themselves. Anything written between /* and */ is treated as a comment (white space). NOTE: Comments cannot be nested.

Question 95. Which Characters Can Css-names Contain?

Answer :

The CSS-names; names of selectors, classes and IDs can contain characters a-z, A-Z, digits 0-9, period, hyphen, escaped characters, Unicode characters 161-255, as well as any Unicode character as a numeric code. The names cannot start with a dash or a digit. (Note: in HTML the value of the CLASS attribute can contain more characters).

Question 96. What Browsers Support Style Sheets? To What Extent?

Answer :

Microsoft's Internet Explorer version 3.0 Beta 2 and above supports CSS, as does Netscape Communicator 4.0 Beta 2 and above and Opera 3.5 and above. Take note that the early implementations in these browsers did not support ALL of the properties and syntax described in the full CSS1 specification and beyond. Later versions have been getting much closer to full CSS1 compliance, but then comes the next hurdle - CSS2...it was such a big leap over CSS1 that it has taken the browsers years to come close to supporting a majority of CSS2's features. Mozilla and Opera's current versions both offer excellent CSS standards compliance. The Macintosh version of Internet Explorer is said to be very impressive in its CSS capabilities as well, but PC IE lags behind these implementations. Quite a few other implementations of CSS now exist in browsers that are not as widely-used (such as Amaya, Arena and Emacs-W3), but coverage of features in these documents currently only covers Internet Explorer, NCSA Mosaic, Netscape and Opera browsers.

Question 97. Why Shouldn't I Use Fixed Sized Fonts ?

Answer :

Only in very rare situations we will find users that have a "calibrated" rendering device that shows fixed font sizes correct. This tells us that we can never know the real size of a font when it's rendered on the user end. Other people may find your choice of font size uncomfortable. A surprisingly large number of people have vision problems and require larger text than the average. Other people have good eyesight and prefer the advantage of more text on the screen that a smaller font size allows. What is comfortable to you on your system may be uncomfortable to someone else. Browsers have a default size for fonts. If a user finds this inappropriate, they can change it to something they prefer. You can never assume that your choice is better for them. So, leave the font size alone for the majority of your text. If you wish to change it in specific places (say smaller text for a copyright notice at the bottom of page), use relative units so that the size will stay in relationship to what the user may have selected already. Remember, if people find your text uncomfortable, they will not bother struggling with your web site. Very few (if any) web sites are important enough to the average user to justify fighting with the author's idea of what is best.

Question 98. What Is Initial Value?

Answer :

Initial value is a default value of the property, that is the value given to the root element of the document tree. All properties have an initial value. If no specific value is set and/or if a property is not inherited the initial value is used. For example the background property is not inherited, however, the background of the parent element shines through because the initial value of background property is transparent.

<P style="background: red">Hello <strong>World </strong> </P>
Content of the element P will also have red background

Question 99. How Frustrating Is It To Write A Specification Knowing That You're At The Browser Vendors' Mercy?

Answer :

That's part of the game. I don't think any specification has a birthright to be fully supported by all browsers. There should be healthy competition between different specifications. I believe simple, author-friendly specifications will prevail in this environment.

Microformats are another way of developing new formats. Instead of having to convince browser vendors to support your favorite specification, microformats add semantics to HTML through the CLASS attribute. And style it with CSS.

Question 100. How Far Can Css Be Taken Beyond The Web Page--that Is, Have Generalized Or Non-web Specific Features For Such Things As Page Formatting Or Type Setting?

Answer :

Yes, it's possible to take CSS further in several directions. W3C just published a new Working Draft which describes features for printing, e.g., footnotes, cross-references, and even generated indexes.

Another great opportunity for CSS is Web Applications. Just like documents, applications need to be styled and CSS is an intrinsic component of AJAX. The "AJAX" name sounds great.

Question 101. How To Style Table Cells?

Answer :

Margin, Border and Padding are difficult to apply to inline elements. Officially, the <TD> tag is a block level element because it can contain other block level elements (see Basics - Elements).

If you need to set special margins, borders, or padding inside a table cell, then use this markup:
<td>

<div class=”data”>
yourtext </div></td> Question 102. How To Style Forms?

Answer :

Forms and form elements like SELECT, INPUT etc. can be styled with CSS - partially.

Checkboxes and Radiobuttons do not yet accept styles, and Netscape 4.xx has certain issues, but here is a tutorial that explains the application of CSS Styles on Form Elements.

Question 103. Can I Attach More Than One Declaration To A Selector?

Answer :

Yes. If more than one declaration is attached to a selector they must appear in a semi colon separated list, e.g.;

Selector {declaration1; declaration2}
P {background: white; color: black}

Question 104. What Is The Percentage Value In 'font-size' Relative To?

Answer :

It is relative to the parent element's font-size. For example, if the style sheet says:

H1 {font-size: 20pt;}
SUP {font-size: 80%;}

...then a <SUP> inside an <H1> will have a font-size of 80% times 20pt, or 16pt.

Question 105. Must I Quote Property Values?

Answer :

Generally no. However, values containing white spaces, e.g. font-family names should be quoted as white spaces surrounding the font name are ignored and whitespaces inside the font name are converted to a single space, thus font names made up of more than one word (e.g.) 'Times New Roman' are interpreted as three different names: Times, New and Roman.

Question 106. Do Any Wysiwyg Editors Support The Creation Of Style Sheets? Any Text-based Html Editors?

Answer :

As support for CSS in browsers has matured in the last year, both WYSIWYG and Text-based HTML editors have appeared that allow the creation or the assistance of creating Cascading Style Sheet syntax. There are now at least two dozen editors supporting CSS syntax in some form. The W3C maintains an up-to-date list of these WYSIWYG and text-based editors.

Question 107. Do Url's Have Quotes Or Not?

Answer :

Double or single quotes in URLs are optional. The tree following examples are equally valid:

BODY {background: url(pics/wave.png) blue}
BODY {background: url("pics/wave.png") blue}
BODY {background: url('pics/wave.png') blue}

Question 108. Can You Use Someone Else's Style Sheet Without Permission?

Answer :

This is a somewhat fuzzy issue. As with HTML tags, style sheet information is given using a special language syntax. Use of the language is not copyrighted, and the syntax itself does not convey any content - only rendering information.

It is not a great idea to reference an external style sheet on someone else's server. Doing this is like referencing an in-line image from someone else's server in your HTML document. This can end up overloading a server if too many pages all over the net reference the same item. It can't hurt to contact the author of a style sheet, if known, to discuss using the style sheet, but this may not be possible. In any case, a local copy should be created and used instead of referencing a remote copy.

Question 109. Document Style Semantics And Specification Language (dsssl)?

Answer :

Document Style Semantics and Specification Language is an international standard, an expression language, a styling language for associating processing (formatting and transformation) with SGML documents, for example XML.

Question 110. What Is Extensible Stylesheet Language (xsl)?

Answer :

XSL is a proposed styling language for formatting XML (eXtensible Markup Language) documents. The proposal was submitted to the W3C by Microsoft, Inso, and ArborText.

Question 111. Explain In Brief About The Term Css.

Answer :

A stylesheet language used to describe the presentation of a document written in a markup language. Cascading Style Sheets are a big breakthrough in Web design because they allow developers to control the style and layout of multiple Web pages all at once.

Question 112. What Are The Various Style Sheets?

Answer :

Inline, external, imported and embedded are the different types of style sheets.

Question 113. What Are Style Sheet Properties?

Answer :

CSS Background
CSS Text
CSS Font
CSS Border
CSS Outline
CSS Margin
CSS Padding
CSS List
CSS Table

Question 114. List Various Font Attributes Used In Style Sheet.

Answer :

font-style
font-variant
font-weight
font-size/line-height
font-family
caption
icon
menu
message-box
small-caption
status-bar

Question 115. Explain Vbscript In Detail.

Answer :

This is a scripting language developed by Microsoft and is based loosely on Visual Basic. Its functionality in a web environment is dependant upon either an ASP engine or the Windows Scripting Host, and must be used on a Windows hosting platform.

Question 116. What Is Html5?

Answer :

HTML or Hypertext Markup Language is a formatting language that programmers and developers use to create documents on the Web. The latest edition HTML5 has enhanced features for programmers such as <video>, <audio> and <canvas> elements. You view a Web page written in HTML in a Web browser such as Internet Explorer, Mozilla Firefox or Google Chrome. The HTML5 language has specific rules that allow placement and format of text, graphics, video and audio on a Web page. Programmers use these programming tags or elements to produce web pages in unique and creative ways. Tags such as <section>, <article>, <header> enable the creator to make a more efficient and intelligent web page. Users will not have to use a Flash plug-in for video and audio content. Visual Studio users typically write code in HTML5 when creating web site content.

Question 117. Describe Any Two New Features Of Html5?

Answer :

HTML 5 comes up with many new features including video/audio elements for media playback and better support for local offline storage.

Question 118. What Does A <hgroup> Tag Do?

Answer :

It is used for heading sections. Header tags used are from <h1> to <h6>. The largest is the main heading of the section, and the others are sub-headings.

Question 119. Which Video Formats Are Used For The Video Element?

Answer :

Ogg, MPEG4, WebM.

Question 119. How Can We Embed Video In Html5?

Answer :

Question 120. Which Video Format Is Supported By Ie?

Answer :

IE supports MPEG4 and WebM.

Question 121. Name The Audio Formats Supported In Html5?

Answer :

Ogg Vorbis, MP3, WAV.

Question 122. What Will The Following Code Do?
<audio Src="song.ogg" Controls="controls"></audio>

Answer :

It will play the audio file named song.ogg.

Question 123. How Will You Define Canvas With Reference To Html5?

Answer :

It is a rectangular area, where we can control every pixel.

Question 124. Give An Example Of Adding Canvas In Html5?

Answer :

Question 125. What Is The Difference Between Html And Html5 ?

Answer :

HTML5 is nothing more then upgreaded version of HTML where in HTML5 Lot of new future like Video, Audio/mp3, date select function , placeholder , Canvas, 2D/3D Graphics, Local SQL Database added so that no need to do external plugin like Flash player or other library.

Question 126. What Is The < !doctype > ? Is It Necessary To Use In Html5 ?

Answer :

The <!DOCTYPE> is an instruction to the web browser about what version of HTML the page is written in. AND The <!DOCTYPE> tag does not have an end tag and It is not case sensitive.

The <!DOCTYPE> declaration must be the very first thing in HTML5 document, before the <html> tag. As In HTML 4.01, all <! DOCTYPE > declarations require a reference to a Document Type Definition (DTD), because HTML 4.01 was based on Standard Generalized Markup Language (SGML). WHERE AS HTML5 is not based on SGML, and therefore does not require a reference to a Document Type Definition (DTD).

Question 127. How Many New Markup Elements You Know In Html5?

Answer :

Below are the New Markup Elements added in HTML5

Question 128. What Are The New Media Elements In Html5? Is Canvas Element Used In Html5?

Answer :

Below are the New Media Elements have added in HTML5

yes we can use Canvas element in html5 like below
<canvas>.

Question 129. Do You Know New Input Type Attribute In Html5?

Answer :

Yes we can use below new input type Attribute in HTML5

Type Value

tel The input is of type telephone number

search The input field is a search field

url a URL

email One or more email addresses

datetime A date and/or time

date A date

month A month

week A week

time The input value is of type time

datetime-local A local date/time

number A number

range A number in a given range

color A hexadecimal color, like #82345c

placeholder Specifies a short hint that describes the expected value

of an input field

Question 129. How To Add Video And Audio In Html5?

Answer :

Like below we can add video in html5

And audio like this

Question 130. What The Use Of Canvas Element In Html5?

Answer :

The canvas element is used to draw graphics images on a web page by using javascript like below

Question 131. What Is The Use Of Localstorage In Html5 ?

Answer :

Before HTML5 LocalStores was done with cookies. Cookies are not very good for large amounts of data, because they are passed on by every request to the server, so it was very slow and in-effective.

In HTML5, the data is NOT passed on by every server request, but used ONLY when asked for. It is possible to store large amounts of data without affecting the website's performance and the data is stored in different areas for different websites, and a website can only access data stored by itself.

And for creating localstores just need to call localStorage object like below we are storing name and address

Question 132. What Is The Sessionstorage Object In Html5 ? How To Create And Access ?

Answer :

The sessionStorage object stores the data for one session. The data is deleted when the user closes the browser window. like below we can create and access a sessionStorage here we created "name" as session:

Question 133. What’s New Html 5 Doctype And Charset?

Answer :

Normally for HTML files first line of code is DocType which basically tells browser about specific version of HTML. HTML5 is now not subset of SGML. As compared to previous version/standards of HTML, DocType is simplified as follows:
<!doctype html>
And HTML 5 uses UTF-8 encoding as follows:
<meta charset=”UTF-8″>

Question 134. How Can We Embed Audio In Html5?

Answer :

HTML 5 comes with a standard way of embedding audio files as previously we don’t have any such support on a web page. Supported audio formats are as follows:
•MP3
•Wav
•Ogg.

Below is the most simple way to embed an audio file on a web page.
<audio controls>
<source src=”jamshed.mp3″ type=”audio/mpeg”>
Your browser does’nt support audio embedding feature.
</audio>

In above code, src value can be relative as well as absolute URL. We can also use multiple <source> elements pointing to different audio files. There are more new attributes for <audio> tag other than src as below:
•controls – it adds controls such as volume, play and pause.
•autoplay – it’s a boolean value which specifies that audio will start playing once it’s ready.
•loop – it’s also a boolean value which specifies looping (means it automatically start playing after it ends).
•preload – auto, metadata and none are the possible values for this attribute.
•auto means plays as it loaded.
•metadata displays audio file’s associated data
•none means not pre-loaded.

Question 135. What Are The New Media Element In Html 5 Other Than Audio And Video?

Answer :

HTML 5 has strong support for media. Other than audio and video tags, it comes with the following tags:

<embed> Tag: <embed> acts as a container for external application or some interactive content such as a plug-in. Special about <embed> is that it doesn’t have a closing tag as we can see below:

<source> Tag: <source> is helpful for multiple media sources for audio and video.

<track> Tag: <track> defines text track for media like subtitles as:

Question 136. What Are The Different Types Of Storage In Html 5?

Answer :

HTML 5 has the capability to store data locally. Previously it was done with the help of cookies. Exciting thing about this storage is that its fast as well as secure.

There are two different objects which can be used to store data.
•localStorage object stores data for a longer period of time even if the browser is closed.
•sessionStorage object stores data for a specific session.

Question 137. What Are The Deprecated Elements In Html5 From Html4?

Answer :

Elements that are deprecated from HTML 4 to HTML 5 are:
•frame
•frameset
•noframe
•applet
•big
•center
•basefront

Question 138. What Are The New Apis Provided By Html 5 Standard?

Answer :

HTML 5 standard comes with a number of new APIs. Few of it are as follows:

•Media API
•Text Track API
•Application Cache API
•User Interaction
•Data Transfer API
•Command API
•Constraint Validation API
•History API
•and many more

Question 26. What Is The Difference Between Html 5 Application Cache And Regular Html Browser Cache?

Answer :

One of the key feature of HTML 5 is “Application Cache” that enables us to make an offline version of a web application. It allows to fetch few or all of website contents such as HTML files, CSS, images, javascript etc locally. This feature speeds up the site performance. This is achieved with the help of a manifest file defined as follows:
<!doctype html>
.....

As compared with traditional browser caching, Its not compulsory for the user to visit website contents to be cached.

In order to achieve Application Cache feature in HTML5, a manifest file is used as follows:
<!doctype html>
…..

Manifest file is basically a text file that dictates what needs to be cache or not if Application Cache is enabled. Followings are the four main sections of a manifest file where CACHE MANIFEST is the only required section:

•CACHE MANIFEST
•CACHE
•NETWORK
•FALLBACK

Question 139. What Is Web Forms 2.0 In Html5?

Answer :

Forms Section in HTML5 is known as Web Forms 2.0. It’s basically an extension to HTML4 forms features. Web Forms 2.0 in HTML5 provides comparatively a greater degree of semantic markups than HTML4 as well as removing the need of lengthy and tedious scripting and styling, as a result making HTML5 more richer but simpler in use.

Question 140. Briefly Explain Cache Manifest File In Html5 With An Example?

Answer :

Cache manifest file is simply a text file that dictates the browser, what to store for offline access? It basically list down the required resources for offline access.

</> Following is an example of a simple manifest file:

CACHE MANIFEST
/decorate.css
/work.js
/amazing.jpg

So, the resources mentioned in above manifest file (decorate.css, work.js, and amazing.jpg) will be downloaded and cached locally for offline access.

Question 29. What Is An Html5 Web Worker?

Answer :

Normally if some script is executing in an HTML page, the page remains unresponsive until the scripts execution stops. But an HTML5 web worker is a script (i.e. JavaScript) that keeps executing in background. At the same time user can interact with the page and will not feel any performance degradation.HTML5 Web Worker

HTML5 web worker normally exists in external files and used for long-running CPU intensive tasks but without affecting the User Interface or other scripts.

Question 141. What Are The Limitations Of Html5 Web Worker?

Answer :

HTML5 Web worker seems to be very handy in many scenarios (especially for CPU intensive tasks) but it has certain limitations. Few JavaScript objects are not accessible to HTML5 web worker as:
•parent object
•window object
•document object

Question 142. List Out The Tags Those Are Mostly Used In Html?

Answer :

<a href=”URL”>Link</a> – Used for linking another page.
<h1> – heading1 tag.
<b> – Used for Bold.
<img src=”imageurl”> – To insert a image.

Question 143. What Is The Difference Between Html And Xhtml?

Answer :

XHTML stands for Extensible Hyper Text Markup Language.

XHTML is almost identical to HTML 4.01.

XHTML is a stricter and cleaner version of HTML.

XHTML is HTML defined as an XML application.

XHTML is supported by all major browsers.

XHTML is case sensitive.

Question 144. In How Many Types We Include Css Style Sheet?

Answer :

There are three types to write CSS in html:

Inline style sheet.

Internal style sheet.

External style sheet.

Question 145. Who Is Making The Web Standards?

Answer :

The World Wide Web Consortium (w3c Consortium).

Question 146. Write A Background Color In Html?

Answer :

<body style=”background-color:yellow”>.

Question 147. Write An Html Code To Create An E-mail Link?

Answer :

<a href=”mailto:xxx@yyy”>.

Question 148. How Can We Call The External Style Sheet In Html For Referring?

Answer :

Question 149. How Do We Comment A Css File?

Answer :

/* include your comment here*/.

Question 150. How Can We Make Each Word In A Text Start With A Capital Letter?

Answer :

With this one in css —– text-transform: capitalize.

Question 151. Why We Use 'clear' In Html?

Answer :

We use the clearance in HTML code for separating the content from one <div> content after floating the position of other<div> content.

Question 152. How Many Types Of Graphics?

Answer :

There are two types of graphics

Raster Graphics –pixels (photoshop).

Vector Graphics – Lines & Curves( Illustrator).

Question 153. What Is A Layer In Photoshop?

Answer :

Layer is a component which holds the object. Without affecting the other content, we can modify the object in it.

Question 154. What Is Gradient? How To Apply Gradient?

Answer :

Gradient is a mixing of two or more colors.

Question 155. What Is Dhtml?

Answer :

DHTML is a combination of HTML, XHTML, Javascript, Jquery and CSS.

DHTML is a TERM describing the art of making dynamic and interactive web pages.

Question 156. What Is Xml?

Answer :

XML stands for extensible Markup Language.

XML is designed to transport and store data.

Question 157. What Is Css?

Answer :

CSS stands for Cascading Style Sheets.

Styles define how to display HTML elements.

Styles were added to HTML 4.0 to solve a problem.

External Style Sheets can save a lot of work.

External Style Sheets are stored in CSS files.

Question 158. What Is Html5?

Answer :

HTML5 will be the new standard for HTML, XHTML, and the HTML DOM.

HTML5 is still a work in progress. However, most modern browsers have some HTML5 support.

Question 159. Are Html Tags Case Sensitive?

Answer :

No HTML tags are not case sensitive.

Question 160. What Is Most Used Email Form Script?

Answer :

PHP

Question 161. Which Operator Used To Convert 00110011 Into 11001100?

Answer :

~ operator is used convert 00110011 into 11001100.

Question 162. How Can You Organize Layers As In Photoshop?

Answer :

Yes we can organize layers.. For example you create a Ball in 1st layer and then in second layer you create the background. But you should lock all the layers and unlock the layer which u r working, because unlocked layers will be active always(active means, if u want to drag the ball, background layers also will be affected).

Question 163. What Is A Prompt Box?

Answer :

A prompt box allows the user to enter input by providing a text box.

Question 164. What Is The Difference Between An Alert Box And A Confirmation Box?

Answer :

An alert box displays only one button which is the OK button whereas the Confirm box displays two buttons namely OK and cancel.

Question 165. What Does "1"+2+4 Evaluate To?

Answer :

Since 1 is a string, everything is a string, so the result is 124.

Question 167. What Is Negative Infinity?

Answer :

It’s a number in JavaScript, derived by dividing negative number by zero.

Question 168. How Do You Convert Numbers Between Different Bases In Javascript?

Answer :

Use the parseInt() function, that takes a string as the first parameter, and the base as a second parameter. So to convert hexadecimal 3F to decimal, use parseInt ("3F", 16).

Question 169. What Does Isnan Function Do?

Answer :

Return true if the argument is not a number.

Question 170. What Are Javascript Types?

Answer :

Number, String, Boolean, Function, Object, Null, Undefined.

Question 171. What Are The Five Possible Values For "position"?

Answer :

Values for position: static, relative, absolute, fixed, inherit.

Question 172. Is Css Case Sensitive?

Answer :

Cascading Style Sheets (CSS) is not case sensitive. However, font families, URLs to images, and other direct references with the style sheet may be. The trick is that if you write a document using an XML declaration and an XHTML doctype, then the CSS class names will be case sensitive for some browsers. It is a good idea to avoid naming classes where the only difference is the case, for example: div.myclass { ...} div.myClass { ... } If the DOCTYPE or XML declaration is ever removed from your pages, even by mistake, the last instance of the style will be used, regardless of case.

Question 173. What Is External Style Sheet? How To Link?

Answer :

< HEAD > < LINK REL=STYLESHEET HREF="style.css" TYPE="text/css"> < / HEAD>

Question 174. How Do I Add Scrolling Text To My Page?

Answer :

Keep in mind not all browsers support scrolling text. however to do this add a tag similar to the below example. < marquee >THIS WOULD SCROLL< /marquee> The above example would create the below scrolling text. If your browser supports scrolling text the below example should be scrolling. More examples can be found on our main HTML page that lists most of the HTML commands.

Question 175. How Do I Make A Picture As A Background On My Web Pages?

Answer :

Point the body background to the name of your image you wish to use as the background as shown below. This body line should be the first line after your < / head> tag.
< body background="picture.gif" >
You can also have the background image fixed, so it does not move when using the scroll bar in the browser. To do this add the BGPROPERTIES tag as shown below.
< body background="picture.gif" bgproperties="fixed" >

Question 176. What Is A Css File? It Is Used For What Purpose?

Answer :

CSS stands for "Cascading Style Sheets", and are used to control and manage font styles, font sizes, and web site color combinations that are used in a web page. In order to retain continuity of "look and feel" throughout a website, all pages within a website will often refer to a single CSS file. The CSS file is typically contained in a separate file from the website, and the various web pages retrieve the CSS file each time a web page is displayed. CSS files make global appearance changes easy -- a single change in a CSS file will mean that any pages using that CSS file will automatically display the changes.

Question 177. Explain Me What Are The New Media-related Elements In Html5?

Answer :

HTML5 has strong support for media. There are now special <audio> and <video> tags. There are additional A/V support tags as well: <embed> is a container for 3rd party applications. <track> is for adding text tracks to media. <source> is useful for A/V media from multiple sources.

Question 178. Tell Me What Is The Syntax Difference Between A Bulleted List And Numbered List?

Answer :

Bulleted lists use the <ul> tag, which stands for “unordered,” whereas <ol> is used to create an ordered list.

Question 179. Explain Me What Is The Difference In Caching Between Html5 And The Old Html?

Answer :

An important feature of HTML5 is the Application Cache. It creates an offline version of a web application. and stores website files such as HTML files, CSS, images, and JavaScript, locally. It is a feature that speeds up site performance.

Question 180. Do You Know What Elements Have Disappeared?

Answer :

As mentioned above, <frame> and <frameset> have been eliminated. Other elements that are no longer supported include: <noframe>, <applet>, <bigcenter> and <basefront>.

Question 181. Tell Me How Do You Add An Html Element In Dom Tree?

Answer :

You can use the jQuery method appendTo() to add an HTML element in DOM tree. This is one of the many DOM manipulation methods that jQuery provides. You can add an existing element or a new HTML element, appendTo() add that method in the end of a particular DOM element.

Question 182. Please Explain Difference Between $(this) And This Keyword In Jquery?

Answer :

This could be a tricky question for many jQuery beginners, but indeed it's a simple one. $(this) returns a jQuery object, on which you can call several jQuery methods e.g. text() to retrieve text, val() to retrieve value etc, while this represent current element, and it's one of the JavaScript keyword to denote current DOM element in a context. You can not call jQuery method on this, until it's wrapped using $() function i.e. $(this).

Question 183. Tell Us How Do You Optimize A Website's Assets?

Answer :

File concatenation, file compression, CDN Hosting, offloading assets, re-organizing and refining code, etc. Have a few ready.

Question 184. Tell Me What Is The Difference Between Svg And <canvas>?

Answer :

<Canvas> is an element that manipulates two-dimensional (2D) pixels while Scalable Vector Graphics works in 2D and three-dimensional (3D) vectors. Essentially, <Canvas> is to SVG as Photoshop is to Illustrator.

Question 185. Explain Me What Is $(document).ready() Function? Why Should You Use It?

Answer :

This is one of the most important and frequently asked questions. The ready() function is used to execute code when document is ready for manipulation. jQuery allows you to execute code, when DOM is fully loaded i.e. HTML has been parsed and the DOM tree has been constructed. The main benefit of $(document).ready() function is that, it works in all browser, jQuery handles cross browser difficulties for you. For curious reader see answer link for more detailed discussion.

Question 186. Explain Me How Do You Set An Attribute Using Jquery?

Answer :

One more follow-up question of previous jQuery question, attr() method is overload like many other methods in JQuery. If you call attr() method with value e.g. attr(name, value), where name is the name of attribute and value is the new value.

Question 187. Explain Me The Difference Between Cookies, Sessionstorage, And Localstorage?

Answer :

Cookies are small text files that websites place in a browser for tracking or login purposes. Meanwhile, localStorage and sessionStorage are new objects, both of which are storage specifications but vary in scope and duration. Of the two, localStorage is permanent and website-specific whereas sessionStorage only lasts as long as the duration of the longest open tab.

Question 188. Tell Me What's The Difference Between Standards Mode And Quirks Mode?

Answer :

Quirks Mode is a default compatibility mode and may be different from browser to browser, which may result to a lack of consistency in appearance from browser to browser.

Question 189. Do You Know What Are The New Image Elements In Html5?

Answer :

Canvas and WebGL. <Canvas> is a new element that acts as a container for graphical elements like images and graphics. Coupled with JavaScript, it supports 2D graphics. WebGL stands for Web Graphics Language, a free cross-platform API that is used for generating 3D graphics in web browsers.

Question 190. Tell Me What Is The Difference Between Detach() And Remove() Methods In Jquery?

Answer :

Though both detach() and remove() methods are used to remove a DOM element, the main difference between them is that detach() keeps track of the last element detached, so that it can be reattached, while the remove() method does keep a reference of the last removed method. You can also take a look at the appendTo() method for adding elements into DOM.

Question 191. Tell Me What Purpose Do Work Workers Serve And What Are Some Of Their Benefits?

Answer :

Web Workers are background scripts that do not interfere with the user interface or user interactions on a webpage, allowing HTML to render uninterrupted while JavaScript works in the background.

Question 192. Suppose Our Hyperlink Or Image Is Not Displaying Correctly, What Is Wrong With It?

Answer :

It could be any number of things, but the most common mistakes are leaving out a tag bracket or quote missing for href, src, or alt text may be the issue. You should also verify the link itself.

Question 193. Explain Me What Is The Difference Between <div> And <frame>?

Answer :

A <div> is a generic container element for grouping and styling, whereas a <frame> creates divisions within a web page and should be used within the <frameset> tag. The use of <frame> and <frameset> are no longer popular and are now being replaced with the more flexible <iframe>, which has become popular for embedding foreign elements (ie. Youtube videos) into a page.

Question 194. Tell Me How Do You Find All The Selected Options Of Html Select Tag?

Answer :

This is one of the tricky jQuery question on Interviews. This is a basic question, but don’t expect every jQuery beginner to know about this. You can use the following jQuery selector to retrieve all the selected options of <select> tag with multiple=true :

$('[name=NameOfSelectedTag] :selected')

This code uses the attribute selector in combination of :selected selector, which returns only selected options. You can tweak this and instead of name, you can even use id attribute to retrieve

<select> tag.

Question 195. Do You Know What Is The Difference Between Jquery.get() And Jquery.ajax() Method?

Answer :

The ajax() method is more powerful and configurable, allows you to specify how long to wait and how to handle error. The get() method is a specialization to just retrieve some data.

Question 196. Tell Me How Do You Hide An Image On A Button Click Using Jquery?

Answer :

This jQuery interview question is based on event handling. jQuery provides good support for handling events like button click. You can use following code to hide an image, found using Id or class. What you need to know is the hide() method and how to setup an even handler for button, to handle clicks, you can use following jQuery code to do that :

$('#ButtonToClick').click(function(){

$('#ImageToHide').hide();

});

Question 197. Do You Know The Real Difference Between Html And Html5?

Answer :

From a broader perspective, HTML was a simple language for laying out text and images on a webpage, whereas HTML5 can be viewed as an application development platform that does what HTML does that and more, including better support for audio, video, and interactive graphics.

It has a number of new elements, supports offline data storage for applications, and has more robust exchange protocols. Thus, proprietary plug-in technologies like Adobe Flash, Microsoft Silverlight, Apache Pivot, and Sun JavaFX are no longer needed, because browsers can now process these elements without additional requirements.

Question 198. Explain Me What Is “semantic Html?”?

Answer :

Semantic HTML is a coding style where the tags embody what the text is meant to convey. In Semantic HTML, tags like <b></b> for bold, and <i></i> for italic should not be used, reason being they just represent formatting, and provide no indication of meaning or structure. The semantically correct thing to do is use <strong></strong> and <em></em>. These tags will have the same bold and italic effects, while demonstrating meaning and structure (emphasis in this case).

Question 199. Explain Me What Is The Main Advantage Of Loading Jquery Library Using Cdn?

Answer :

This is a slightly advanced jQuery question. Well, apart from many advantages including reducing server bandwidth and faster download, one of the most important is that, if browser has already downloaded same jQuery version from the same CDN, then it won't download it again. Since nowadays, many public websites use jQuery for user interaction and animation, there is a very good chance that the browser already has the jQuery library downloaded.

Question 200. Do You Know What Are Data- Attributes Good For?

Answer :

The HTML5 data- attribute is a new addition that assigns custom data to an element. It was built to store sensitive or private data that is exclusive to a page or application, for which there are no other matching attributes or elements.

Question 1. What Is Css?

Answer :

Cascading Style Sheets, fondly referred to as CSS, is a simple design language intended to simplify the process of making web pages presentable.

Question 2. What Are Advantages Of Using Css?

Answer :

Following are the advantages of using CSS −
•CSS saves time − You can write CSS once and then reuse same sheet in multiple HTML pages. You can define a style for each HTML element and apply it to as many Web pages as you want.
•Pages load faster − If you are using CSS, you do not need to write HTML tag attributes every time. Just write one CSS rule of a tag and apply it to all the occurrences of that tag. So less code means faster download times.
•Easy maintenance − To make a global change, simply change the style, and all elements in all the web pages will be updated automatically.
•Superior styles to HTML − CSS has a much wider array of attributes than HTML, so you can give a far better look to your HTML page in comparison to HTML attributes.
•Multiple Device Compatibility − Style sheets allow content to be optimized for more than one type of device. By using the same HTML document, different versions of a website can be presented for handheld devices such as PDAs and cell phones or for printing.
•Global web standards − Now HTML attributes are being deprecated and it is being recommended to use CSS. So its a good idea to start using CSS in all the HTML pages to make them compatible to future browsers.
•Offline Browsing − CSS can store web applications locally with the help of an offline catche.Using of this, we can view offline websites.The cache also ensures faster loading and better overall performance of the website.
•Platform Independence − The Script offer consistent platform independence and can support latest browsers as well.

Question 3. What Are The Components Of A Css Style?

Answer :

A style rule is made of three parts −

Selector − A selector is an HTML tag at which a style will be applied. This could be any tag like <h1> or <table> etc.

Property − A property is a type of attribute of HTML tag. Put simply, all the HTML attributes are converted into CSS properties. They could be color, border etc.

Value − Values are assigned to properties. For example, color property can have value either red or #F1F1F1 etc.

Question 4. What Is Type Selector?

Answer :

Type selector quite simply matches the name of an element type. To give a color to all level 1 headings −

h1 {
color: #36CFFF;
}

Question 5. What Is Universal Selector?

Answer :

Rather than selecting elements of a specific type, the universal selector quite simply matches the name of any element type
* {
color: #000000;
}

This rule renders the content of every element in our document in black.

Question 6. What Is Descendant Selector?

Answer :

Suppose you want to apply a style rule to a particular element only when it lies inside a particular element. As given in the following example, style rule will apply to <em> element only when it lies inside <ul> tag.
ul em {
color: #000000;
}

Question 7. What Is Class Selector?

Answer :

You can define style rules based on the class attribute of the elements. All the elements having that class will be formatted according to the defined rule.
.black {
color: #000000;
}

This rule renders the content in black for every element with class attribute set to black in our document.

Question 8. Can You Make A Class Selector Particular To An Element Type?

Answer :

You can make it a bit more particular. For example

h1.black
{
color: #000000;
}

This rule renders the content in black for only elements with class attribute set to black.

Question 9. What Is Id Selector?

Answer :

You can define style rules based on the id attribute of the elements. All the elements having that id will be formatted according to the defined rule.
#black {
color: #000000;
}

This rule renders the content in black for every element with id attribute set to black in our document.

Question 10. Can You Make A Id Selector Particular To An Element Type?

Answer :

can make it a bit more particular.

For example:

h1#black
{
color: #000000;
}

This rule renders the content in black for only elements with id attribute set to black.

Question 11. What Is A Child Selector?

Answer :

Consider the following example:

body > p
{
color: #000000;
}

This rule will render all the paragraphs in black if they are direct child ofelement. Other paragraphs put inside other elements like or would not have any effect of this rule.

Question 12. What Is An Attribute Selector?

Answer :

You can also apply styles to HTML elements with particular attributes. The style rule below will match all the input elements having a type attribute with a value of text

input[type = "text"]
{
color: #000000;
}

The advantage to this method is that the element is unaffected, and the color applied only to the desired text fields.

Question 13. How To Select All Paragraph Elements With A Lang Attribute?

Answer :

p[lang] : Selects all paragraph elements with a lang attribute.

Question 14. How To Select All Paragraph Elements Whose Lang Attribute Has A Value Of Exactly "fr"?

Answer :

p[lang="fr"] - Selects all paragraph elements whose lang attribute has a value of exactly "fr".

Question 15. How To Select All Paragraph Elements Whose Lang Attribute Contains The Word "fr"?

Answer :

p[lang~="fr"] - Selects all paragraph elements whose lang attribute contains the word "fr".

Question 16. How To Select All Paragraph Elements Whose Lang Attribute Contains Values That Are Exactly "en", Or Begin With "en-"?

Answer :

p[lang|="en"] - Selects all paragraph elements whose lang attribute contains values that are exactly "en", or begin with "en-".

Question 17. What Are The Various Ways Of Using Css In An Html Page?

Answer :

There are four ways to associate styles with your HTML document. Most commonly used methods are inline CSS and External CSS.

Embedded CSS − The

Question 18. How Css Style Overriding Works?

Answer :

Following is the rule to override any Style Sheet Rule

Any inline style sheet takes highest priority. So, it will override any rule defined in <style>...</style> tags or rules defined in any external style sheet file.

Any rule defined in <style>...</style> tags will override rules defined in any external style sheet file.

Any rule defined in external style sheet file takes lowest priority, and rules defined in this file will be applied only when above two rules are not applicable.

Question 19. What Is The Purpose Of % Measurement Unit?

Answer :

% - Defines a measurement as a percentage relative to another value, typically an enclosing element.

p {font-size: 16pt; line-height: 125%;}

Question 20. What Is The Purpose Of Cm Measurement Unit?

Answer :

cm − Defines a measurement in centimeters.

div {margin-bottom: 2cm;}

Question 21. What Is The Purpose Of Em Measurement Unit?

Answer :

em − A relative measurement for the height of a font in em spaces. Because an em unit is equivalent to the size of a given font, if you assign a font to 12pt, each "em" unit would be 12pt; thus, 2em would be 24pt.

p {letter-spacing: 7em;}

Question 22. What Is The Purpose Of Ex Measurement Unit?

Answer :

ex − This value defines a measurement relative to a font's x-height. The x-height is determined by the height of the font's lowercase letter.

p {font-size: 24pt; line-height: 3ex;}

Question 23. What Is The Purpose Of In Measurement Unit?

Answer :

in − Defines a measurement in inches.

p {word-spacing: .15in;}

Question 24. What Is The Purpose Of Mm Measurement Unit?

Answer :

mm − Defines a measurement in millimeters.

p {word-spacing: 15mm;}

Question 25. What Is The Purpose Of Pc Measurement Unit?

Answer :

pc − Defines a measurement in picas. A pica is equivalent to 12 points; thus, there are 6 picas per inch.

p {font-size: 20pc;}

Question 26. What Is The Purpose Of Pt Measurement Unit?

Answer :

pt − Defines a measurement in points. A point is defined as 1/72nd of an inch.

body {font-size: 18pt;}

Question 27. What Is The Purpose Of Px Measurement Unit?

Answer :

px − Defines a measurement in screen pixels.

p {padding: 25px;}

Question 28. What Is The Purpose Of Vh Measurement Unit?

Answer :

vh − 1% of viewport height.

h2 { font-size: 3.0vh; }

Question 29. What Is The Purpose Of Vw Measurement Unit?

Answer :

vw − 1% of viewport width.

h1 { font-size: 5.9vw; }

Question 30. What Is The Purpose Of Vmin Measurement Unit?

Answer :

vmin 1vw or 1vh, whichever is smaller.

p { font-size: 2vmin;}

Question 31. What Are Browser Safe Colors?

Answer :

There is the list of 216 colors which are supposed to be most safe and computer independent colors. These colors vary from hexa code 000000 to FFFFFF. These colors are safe to use because they ensure that all computers would display the colors correctly when running a 256 color palette.

Question 32. Which Property Is Used To Set The Background Color Of An Element?

Answer :

The background-color property is used to set the background color of an element.

Question 33. Which Property Is Used To Set The Background Image Of An Element?

Answer :

The background-image property is used to set the background image of an element.

Question 34. Which Property Is Used To Control The Repetition Of An Image In The Background?

Answer :

The background-repeat property is used to control the repetition of an image in the background.

Question 35. Which Property Is Used To Control The Position Of An Image In The Background?

Answer :

The background-position property is used to control the position of an image in the background.

Question 36. Which Property Is Used To Control The Scrolling Of An Image In The Background?

Answer :

The background-attachment property is used to control the scrolling of an image in the background.

Question 37. Which Property Is Used As A Shorthand To Specify A Number Of Other Background Properties?

Answer :

The background property is used as a shorthand to specify a number of other background properties.

Question 38. Which Property Is Used To Change The Face Of A Font?

Answer :

The font-family property is used to change the face of a font.

Question 39. Which Property Is Used To Make A Font Italic Or Oblique?

Answer :

The font-style property is used to make a font italic or oblique.

Question 40. Which Property Is Used To Create A Small-caps Effect?

Answer :

The font-variant property is used to create a small-caps effect.

Question 41. Which Property Is Used To Increase Or Decrease How Bold Or Light A Font Appears?

Answer :

The font-weight property is used to increase or decrease how bold or light a font appears.

Question 42. Which Property Is Used To Increase Or Decrease The Size Of A Font?

Answer :

The font-size property is used to increase or decrease the size of a font.

Question 43. Which Property Is Used As Shorthand To Specify A Number Of Other Font Properties?

Answer :

The font property is used as shorthand to specify a number of other font properties.

Question 44. Which Property Is Used To Set The Color Of A Text?

Answer :

The color property is used to set the color of a text.

Question 45. Which Property Is Used To Set The Text Direction?

Answer :

The direction property is used to set the text direction.

Question 46. Which Property Is Used To Add Or Subtract Space Between The Letters That Make Up A Word?

Answer :

The letter-spacing property is used to add or subtract space between the letters that make up a word.

Question 47. Which Property Is Used To Add Or Subtract Space Between The Words Of A Sentence?

Answer :

The word-spacing property is used to add or subtract space between the words of a sentence.

Question 48. Which Property Is Used To Indent The Text Of A Paragraph?

Answer :

The text-indent property is used to indent the text of a paragraph.

Question 49. Which Property Is Used To Align The Text Of A Document?

Answer :

The text-align property is used to align the text of a document.

Question 50. Which Property Is Used To Underline, Overline, And Strikethrough Text?

Answer :

The text-decoration property is used to underline, overline, and strikethrough text.

Question 51. Which Property Is Used To Capitalize Text Or Convert Text To Uppercase Or Lowercase Letters?

Answer :

The text-transform property is used to capitalize text or convert text to uppercase or lowercase letters.

Question 52. Which Property Is Used To Control The Flow And Formatting Of Text?

Answer :

The white-space property is used to control the flow and formatting of text.

Question 53. Which Property Is Used To Set The Text Shadow Around A Text?

Answer :

The text-shadow property is used to set the text shadow around a text.

Question 54. Which Property Is Used To Set The Width Of An Image Border?

Answer :

The border property is used to set the width of an image border.

Question 55. Which Property Is Used To Set The Height Of An Image?

Answer :

The height property is used to set the height of an image.

Question 56. Which Property Is Used To Set The Width Of An Image?

Answer :

The width property is used to set the width of an image.

Question 57. Which Property Is Used To Set The Opacity Of An Image?

Answer :

The -moz-opacity property is used to set the opacity of an image.

Question 58. Which Property Of A Hyperlink Signifies Unvisited Hyperlinks?

Answer :

The :link signifies unvisited hyperlinks.

Question 59. Which Property Of A Hyperlink Signifies Visited Hyperlinks?

Answer :

The :visited signifies visited hyperlinks.

Question 60. Which Property Of A Hyperlink Signifies An Element That Currently Has The User's Mouse Pointer Hovering Over It?

Answer :

The :hover signifies an element that currently has the user's mouse pointer hovering over it.

Question 1. What Is Javascript?

Answer :

JavaScript is a general-purpose programming language designed to let programmers of all skill levels control the behavior of software objects. The language is used most widely today in Web browsers whose software objects tend to represent a variety of HTML elements in a document and the document itself. But the language can be--and is--used with other kinds of objects in other environments. For example, Adobe Acrobat Forms uses JavaScript as its underlying scripting language to glue together objects that are unique to the forms generated by Adobe Acrobat. Therefore, it is important to distinguish JavaScript, the language, from the objects it can communicate with in any particular environment. When used for Web documents, the scripts go directly inside the HTML documents and are downloaded to the browser with the rest of the HTML tags and content.

JavaScript is a platform-independent,event-driven, interpreted client-side scripting and programming language developed by Netscape Communications Corp. and Sun Microsystems.

Question 2. How Is Javascript Different From Java?

Answer :

JavaScript was developed by Brendan Eich of Netscape; Java was developed at Sun Microsystems. While the two languages share some common syntax, they were developed independently of each other and for different audiences. Java is a full-fledged programming language tailored for network computing; it includes hundreds of its own objects, including objects for creating user interfaces that appear in Java applets (in Web browsers) or standalone Java applications. In contrast, JavaScript relies on whatever environment it's operating in for the user interface, such as a Web document's form elements.

JavaScript was initially called LiveScript at Netscape while it was under development. A licensing deal between Netscape and Sun at the last minute let Netscape plug the "Java" name into the name of its scripting language. Programmers use entirely different tools for Java and JavaScript. It is also not uncommon for a programmer of one language to be ignorant of the other. The two languages don't rely on each other and are intended for different purposes. In some ways, the "Java" name on JavaScript has confused the world's understanding of the differences between the two. On the other hand, JavaScript is much easier to learn than Java and can offer a gentle introduction for newcomers who want to graduate to Java and the kinds of applications you can develop with it.

Question 3. What’s Relationship Between Javascript And Ecmascript?

Answer :

ECMAScript is yet another name for JavaScript (other names include LiveScript). The current JavaScript that you see supported in browsers is ECMAScript revision 3.

Question 4. How Do You Submit A Form Using Javascript?

Answer :

Use document.forms[0].submit();
(0 refers to the index of the form – if you have more than one form in a page, then the first one has the index 0, second has index 1 and so on).

Question 5. Is There A Site That Shows Which Tags Work On Which Browsers?

Answer :

There have been several attempts to do this, but I'm not aware of any really good source of comparisons between the browsers. The trouble is that there are many different versions of each browser, and many different tags. All current browsers should support the tags in the official HTML 3.2 specification, but the major ones also support nonstandard tags and sometimes have slightly different implementations. One place that has fairly good compatibility info is Browsercaps.

Question 6. Why Does The Browser Show My Plain Html Source?

Answer :

Question 7. How Can I Display An Image On My Page?

Answer :

Question 8. Why Do My Links Open New Windows Rather Than Update An Existing Frame?

Answer :

Question 9. How Do I Get Out Of A Frameset?

Answer :

If you are the author, this is easy. You only have to add the TARGET attribute to the link that takes readers to the intended 'outside' document. Give it the value of _top.

In many current browsers, it is not possible to display a frame in the full browser window, at least not very easily. The reader would need to copy the URL of the desired frame and then request that URL manually.

I would recommend that authors who want to offer readers this option add a link to the document itself in the document, with the TARGET attribute set to _top so the document displays in the full window if the link is followed.

Question 10. When I Try To Upload My Site, All My Images Are X's. How Do I Get Them To Load Correctly?

Answer :

They are a few reasons that this could happen. The most common are:

You're attempting to use a .bmp or .tif or other non-supported file format. You can only use .gif and .jpg on the web. You must convert files that are not .gif or .jpg into a .gif or .jpg with your image/graphics program.
You've forgotten to upload the graphic files. Double-Check.
You've incorrectly linked to the images. When you are starting out, try just using the file name in the tag. If you have cat.jpg, use
<img src="cat.jpg">.
Image file names are case-sensitive. If your file is called CaT.JpG, you cannot type cat.jpg, you must type CaT.JpG exactly in the src.
If all of the above fail, re-upload the image in BINARY mode. You may have accidentally uploaded the image in ASCII mode.

Question 11. How Do I Make A Frame With A Vertical Scrollbar But Without A Horizontal Scrollbar?

Answer :

Question 12. Are There Any Problems With Using Frames?

Answer :

The fundamental problem with the design of frames is that framesets create states in the browser that are not addressable. Once any of the frames within a frameset changes from its default content, there is no longer a way to address the current state of the frameset. It is difficult to bookmark - and impossible to link or index - such a frameset state. It is impossible to reference such a frameset state in other media. When the sub-documents of such a frameset state are accessed directly, they appear without the context of the surrounding frameset. Basic browser functions (e.g., printing, moving forwards/backwards in the browser's history) behave differently with framesets. Also, browsers cannot identify which frame should have focus, which affects scrolling, searching, and the use of keyboard shortcuts in general.

Furthermore, frames focus on layout rather than on information structure, and many authors of framed sites neglect to provide useful alternative content in the NOFRAMES element. Both of these factors cause accessibility problems for browsers that differ significantly from the author's expectations and for search engines.

Question 13. How Do I Keep People From Stealing My Source Code And/or Images?

Answer :

The colors on my page look different when viewed on a Mac and a PC. The Mac and the PC use slightly different color palettes. There is a 216 "browser safe" color palette that both platforms support; the Microsoft color picker page has some good information and links to other resources about this. In addition, the two platforms use different gamma (brightness) values, so a graphic that looks fine on the Mac may look too dark on the PC. The only way to address this problem is to tweak the brightness of your image so that it looks acceptable on both platforms.

Question 14. How Do You Create Tabs Or Indents In Web Pages?

Answer :

My page looks good on one browser, but not on another. There are slight differences between browsers, such as Netscape Navigator and Microsoft Internet Explorer, in areas such as page margins. The only real answer is to use standard HTML tags whenever possible, and view your pages in multiple browsers to see how they look.

Question 15. How Do I Make Sure My Framed Documents Are Displayed Inside Their Frame Set?

Answer :

When the sub-documents of a frameset state are accessed directly, they appear without the context of the surrounding frameset.
If the reader's browser has JavaScript support enabled, the following script will restore the frameset:
<SCRIPT TYPE="text/javascript">
if (parent.location.href == self.location.href) {
if (window.location.href.replace)
window.location.replace('frameset.html');
else
// causes problems with back button, but works
window.location.href = 'frameset.html';
}
</SCRIPT>
A more universal approach is a "restore frames" link:
<A HREF="frameset.html" TARGET="_top">Restore Frames
Note that in either case, you must have a separate frameset document for every content document. If you link to the default frameset document, then your reader will get the default content document, rather than the content document he/she was trying to access. These frameset documents should be generated automatically, to avoid the tedium and inaccuracy of creating them by hand.
Note that you can work around the problem with bookmarking frameset states by linking to these separate frameset documents using TARGET="_top", rather than linking to the individual content documents.

Question 16. How Do I Update Two Frames At Once?

Answer :

There are two basic techniques for updating multiple frames with a single link: The HTML-based technique links to a new frameset document that specifies the new combination of frames. The JavaScript-based solution uses the onClick attribute of the link to update the additional frame (or frames).
The HTML-based technique can link to a new frameset document with the TARGET="_top" attribute (replacing the entire frameset). However, there is an alternative if the frames to be updated are part of a nested frameset. In the initial frameset document, use a secondary frameset document to define the nested frameset. For example:
<frameset cols="*,3*">
<frame src="contents.html" name="Contents">
<frame src="frameset2.html" name="Display">
<noframes>

</body></noframes>
</frameset>
A link can now use the TARGET="Display" attribute to replace simultaneously all the frames defined by the frameset2.html document.
The JavaScript-based solution uses the onClick attribute of the link to perform the secondary update. For example:
<a href="URL1" target="Frame1" onClick="top.Frame2.location='URL2';">Update frames
The link will update Frame1 with URL1 normally. If the reader's browser supports JavaScript (and has it enabled), then Frame2 will also be updated (with URL2).

Question 17. What Is Html?

Answer :

HTML, or HyperText Markup Language, is a Universal language which allows an individual using special code to create web pages to be viewed on the Internet.
HTML ( H yper T ext M arkup L anguage) is the language used to write Web pages. You are looking at a Web page right now.
You can view HTML pages in two ways:

One view is their appearance on a Web browser, just like this page -- colors, different text sizes, graphics.

The other view is called "HTML Code" -- this is the code that tells the browser what to do.

Question 18. What Is A Tag?

Answer :

In HTML, a tag tells the browser what to do. When you write an HTML page, you enter tags for many reasons -- to change the appearance of text, to show a graphic, or to make a link to another page.

Question 19. What Is The Simplest Html Page?

Answer :

HTML Code:
<HTML>
<HEAD>
<TITLE>This is my page title! </TITLE>
</HEAD>
<BODY>
This is my message to the world!
</BODY>
</HTML>
Browser Display:
This is my message to the world!

Question 20. How Do I Create Frames? What Is A Frameset?

Answer :

The HTML 4 frames model has significant design flaws that cause usability problems for web users. Frames should be used only with great care.

Question 21. What Is A Hypertext Link?

Answer :

A hypertext link is a special tag that links one page to another page or resource. If you click the link, the browser jumps to the link's destination.

Question 22. What Does Break And Continue Statements Do?

Answer :

Continue statement continues the current loop (if label not specified) in a new iteration whereas break statement exits the current loop.

Question 23. How To Create A Function Using Function Constructor?

Answer :

The following example illustrates this
It creates a function called square with argument x and returns x multiplied by itself.
var square = new Function ("x","return x*x");

Question 24. How To Make A Array As A Stack Using Javascript?

Answer :

The pop() and push() functions turn a harmless array into a stack
<script type="text/javascript">
var numbers = ["one", "two", "three", "four"];
numbers.push("five");
numbers.push("six");
document.write(numbers.pop());
document.write(numbers.pop());
document.write(numbers.pop());
</script>
This produces
sixfivefour

Question 25. How To Shift And Unshift Using Javascript?

Answer :

Question 26. What Are Javascript Types?

Answer :

Number, String, Boolean, Function, Object, Null, Undefined.

Question 27. How Do You Convert Numbers Between Different Bases In Javascript?

Answer :

Use the parseInt() function, that takes a string as the first parameter, and the base as a second parameter. So to convert hexadecimal 3F to decimal, use parseInt ("3F", 16);

Question 28. How To Create Arrays In Javascript?

Answer :

We can declare an array like this
var scripts = new Array();
We can add elements to this array like this
scripts[0] = "PHP";
scripts[1] = "ASP";
scripts[2] = "JavaScript";
scripts[3] = "HTML";
Now our array scrips has 4 elements inside it and we can print or access them by using their index number. Note that index number starts from 0. To get the third element of the array we have to use the index number 2 . Here is the way to get the third element of an array.
document.write(scripts[2]);
We also can create an array like this
var no_array = new Array(21, 22, 23, 24, 25);

Question 29. How Do You Target A Specific Frame From A Hyperlink?

Answer :

Include the name of the frame in the target attribute of the hyperlink. <a href=”mypage.htm” target=”myframe”>>My Page</a>

Question 30. What Can Javascript Programs Do?

Answer :

Generation of HTML pages on-the-fly without accessing the Web server. The user can be given control over the browser like User input validation Simple computations can be performed on the client's machine The user's browser, OS, screen size, etc. can be detected Date and Time Handling

Question 31. How To Set A Html Document's Background Color?

Answer :

document.bgcolor property can be set to any appropriate color.

Question 32. How Can Javascript Be Used To Personalize Or Tailor A Web Site To Fit Individual Users?

Answer :

JavaScript allows a Web page to perform "if-then" kinds of decisions based on browser version, operating system, user input, and, in more recent browsers, details about the screen size in which the browser is running. While a server CGI program can make some of those same kinds of decisions, not everyone has access to or the expertise to create CGI programs. For example, an experienced CGI programmer can examine information about the browser whenever a request for a page is made; thus a server so equipped might serve up one page for Navigator users and a different page for Internet Explorer users. Beyond browser and operating system version, a CGI program can't know more about the environment. But a JavaScript-enhanced page can instruct the browser to render only certain content based on the browser, operating system, and even the screen size.

Scripting can even go further if the page author desires. For example, the author may include a preference screen that lets the user determine the desired background and text color combination. A script can save this information on the client in a well-regulated local file called a cookie. The next time the user comes to the site, scripts in its pages look to the cookie info and render the page in the color combination selected previously. The server is none the wiser, nor does it have to store any visitor-specific information.

Question 33. Are You Concerned That Older Browsers Don't Support Javascript And Thus Exclude A Set Of Web Users? Individual Users?

Answer :

Fragmentation of the installed base of browsers will only get worse. By definition, it can never improve unless absolutely everyone on the planet threw away their old browsers and upgraded to the latest gee-whiz versions. But even then, there are plenty of discrepancies between the scriptability of the latest Netscape Navigator and Microsoft Internet Explorer.

The situation makes scripting a challenge, especially for newcomers who may not be aware of the limitations of earlier browsers. A lot of effort in my books and ancillary material goes toward helping scripters know what features work in which browsers and how to either workaround limitations in earlier browsers or raise the compatibility common denominator.

Designing scripts for a Web site requires making some hard decisions about if, when, and how to implement the advantages scripting offers a page to your audience. For public Web sites, I recommend using scripting in an additive way: let sufficient content stand on its own, but let scriptable browser users receive an enhanced experience, preferably with the same HTML document.

Question 34. What Does Isnan Function Do?

Answer :

Return true if the argument is not a number.

Question 35. What Is Negative Infinity?

Answer :

It’s a number in JavaScript, derived by dividing negative number by zero.

Question 36. In A Pop-up Browser Window, How Do You Refer To The Main Browser Window That Opened It?

Answer :

Use window.opener to refer to the main window from pop-ups.

Question 37. What Is The Data Type Of Variables Of In Javascript?

Answer :

All variables are of object type in JavaScript.

Question 38. Methods Get And Post In Html Forms - What's The Difference?

Answer :

GET: Parameters are passed in the querystring. Maximum amount of data that can be sent via the GET method is limited to about 2kb.

POST: Parameters are passed in the request body. There is no limit to the amount of data that can be transferred using POST. However, there are limits on the maximum amount of data that can be transferred in one name/value pair.

Question 39. How To Write A Script For "select" Lists Using Javascript

Answer :

To remove an item from a list set it to null.
mySelectObject.options[3] = null;

To truncate a list set its length to the maximum size you desire.
mySelectObject.length = 2;

To delete all options in a select object set the length to 0.
mySelectObject.leng

Question 40. Text From Your Clipboard?

Answer :

It is true, text you last copied for pasting (copy & paste) can be stolen when you visit web sites using a combination of JavaScript and ASP (or PHP, or CGI) to write your possible sensitive data to a database on another server.

Question 41. What Does The "access Is Denied" Ie Error Mean?

Answer :

The "Access Denied" error in any browser is due to the following reason.
A javascript in one window or frame is tries to access another window or frame whose document's domain is different from the document containing the script.

Question 42. Is A Javascript Script Faster Than An Asp Script?

Answer :

Yes.Since javascript is a client-side script it does require the web server's help for its computation,so it is always faster than any server-side script like ASP,PHP,etc..

Question 43. Are Java And Javascript The Same?

Answer :

No.java and javascript are two different languages.
Java is a powerful object - oriented programming language like C++,C whereas Javascript is a client-side scripting language with some limitations.

Question 44. How To Embed Javascript In A Web Page?

Answer :

javascript code can be embedded in a web page between <script langugage="javascript"></script> tags

Question 45. What And Where Are The Best Javascript Resources On The Web?

Answer :

The best place to start is something called the meta- which provides a high-level overview of the JavaScript help available on the Net.

For interactive help with specific problems, nothing beats the primary JavaScript Usenet newsgroup, comp.lang.javascript. Netscape and Microsoft also have vendor-specific developer discussion groups as well as detailed documentation for the scripting and object model implementations.

Question 46. What Are The Problems Associated With Using Javascript, And Are There Javascript Techniques That You Discourage?

Answer :

Browser version incompatibility is the biggest problem. It requires knowing how each scriptable browser version implements its object model. You see, the incompatibility rarely has to do with the core JavaScript language (although there have been improvements to the language over time); the bulk of incompatibility issues have to do with the object models that each browser version implements. For example, scripters who started out with Navigator 3 implemented the image rollover because it looked cool. But they were dismayed to find out that the image object wasn't scriptable in Internet Explorer 3 or Navigator 2. While there are easy workarounds to make this feature work on newer browsers without disturbing older ones, it was a painful learning experience for many.

The second biggest can of worms is scripting connections between multiple windows. A lot of scripters like to have little windows pop up with navigation bars or some such gizmos. But the object models, especially in the older browser versions, don't make it easy to work with these windows the minute you put a user in front of them--users who can manually close windows or change their stacking order. More recently, a glitch in some uninstall routines for Windows 95 applications can disturb vital parts of the system Registry that Internet Explorer 4 requires for managing multiple windows. A scripter can't work around this problem, because it's not possible to detect the problem in a user's machine. I tend to avoid multiple windows that interact with each other.

Question 47. What Boolean Operators Does Javascript Support?

Answer :

Question 48. What Does "1"+2+4 Evaluate To?

Answer :

Since 1 is a string, everything is a string, so the result is 124.

Question 49. What Is The Difference Between A Web-garden And A Web-farm?

Answer :

Web-garden - An IIS6.0 feature where you can configure an application pool as a web-garden and also specify the number of worker processes for that pool. It can help improve performance in some cases.

Web-farm - a general term referring to a cluster of physically separate machines, each running a web-server for scalability and performance (contrast this with web-garden which refers to multiple processes on one single physical machine).

Question 50. How To Get The Contents Of An Input Box Using Javascript?

Answer :

Use the "value" property.
var myValue = window.document.getElementById("MyTextBox").value;

Question 51. How To Determine The State Of A Checkbox Using Javascript?

Answer :

var checkedP = window.document.getElementById("myCheckBox").checked;

Question 52. How To Set The Focus In An Element Using Javascript?

Answer :

Question 53. How To Access An External Javascript File That Is Stored Externally And Not Embedded?

Answer :

This can be achieved by using the following tag between head tags or between body tags.

Question 54. What Is The Difference Between An Alert Box And A Confirmation Box?

Answer :

An alert box displays only one button which is the OK button whereas the Confirm box displays two buttons namely OK and cancel.

Question 55. What Is A Prompt Box?

Answer :

A prompt box allows the user to enter input by providing a text box.

Question 56. Can Javascript Code Be Broken In Different Lines?

Answer :

Breaking is possible within a string statement by using a backslash at the end but not within any other javascript statement.that is ,
document.write("Hello world");

is possible but not document.write
("hello world");

Question 57. Taking A Developer’s Perspective, Do You Think That That Javascript Is Easy To Learn And Use?

Answer :

One of the reasons JavaScript has the word "script" in it is that as a programming language, the vocabulary of the core language is compact compared to full-fledged programming languages. If you already program in Java or C, you actually have to unlearn some concepts that had been beaten into you. For example, JavaScript is a loosely typed language, which means that a variable doesn't care if it's holding a string, a number, or a reference to an object; the same variable can even change what type of data it holds while a script runs.

The other part of JavaScript implementation in browsers that makes it easier to learn is that most of the objects you script are pre-defined for the author, and they largely represent physical things you can see on a page: a text box, an image, and so on. It's easier to say, "OK, these are the things I'm working with and I'll use scripting to make them do such and such," instead of having to dream up the user interface, conceive of and code objects, and handle the interaction between objects and users. With scripting, you tend to write a _lot_ less code.

Question 58. What Web Sites Do You Feel Use Javascript Most Effectively (i.e., Best-in-class Examples)? The Worst?

Answer :

The best sites are the ones that use JavaScript so transparently, that I'm not aware that there is any scripting on the page. The worst sites are those that try to impress me with how much scripting is on the page.

Question 59. What Is The Difference Between Sessionstate And Viewstate?

Answer :

ViewState is specific to a page in a session. Session state refers to user specific data that can be accessed across all pages in the web application.

Question 60. What Does The Enableviewstatemac Setting In An Aspx Page Do?

Answer :

Setting EnableViewStateMac=true is a security measure that allows ASP.NET to ensure that the viewstate for a page has not been tampered with. If on Postback, the ASP.NET framework detects that there has been a change in the value of viewstate that was sent to the browser, it raises an error - Validation of viewstate MAC failed.

Use <%@ Page EnableViewStateMac="true"%> to set it to true (the default value, if this attribute is not specified is also true) in an aspx page.

Question 1. What Is J-query?

Answer :

JQuery is a light weight JavaScript library which provides fast and easy way of HTML DOM traversing and manipulation, its event handling, its client side animations, etc. One of the greatest features of jQuery is that jQuery supports an efficient way to implement AJAX applications because of its light weight nature and make normalize and efficient web programs.

Question 2. How To Use Jquery?

Answer :

jQuery can be easily used with other libraries so it should work out of the box with simple and complex JavaScript and Ajax.

Question 3. What Distinguishes Php From Something Like Client Side Java Script?

Answer :

Java script applied on client side while in php code executed on server reviews side.

Question 4. In Php How Can You Jump In To And Out Of "php Mode"?

Answer :

The Php code is enclosed in special Start < ? and end ? > tags that allow ingredients you to jump in to and out of “php mode”.

Question 5. How To Use Jquery Library In Our Asp.net Project?

Answer :

Download the latest jQuery library from jQuery.com and include the reference to the jQuery library file in our ASPX page.

$(document).ready(function() {

alert('test');

});

</script>

Question 6. What Is Jquery Connect?

Answer :

It is a jquery plugin which enables us to connect a function to another function. It is like assigning a handler for another function. This situation happens when you are using any javascript plugins and you want to execute some function when ever some function is executed from the plugin. This we can solve using jquery connect function.

Question 7. How To Use Jquery.connect?

Answer :

download jquery.connect.js file.

include this file in your html file.

and use $.connect function to connect a function to another function.

Question 8. Different Ways Of Using $.connect Function In Jquery?

Answer :

The syntax of connect function is
$.connect(sourceObj/*object*/, sourceFunc/*string*/, callObj/*object*/, callFunc/*string or Func*/)

sourceObj(optional) is the object of the source function to which we want to connect.

sourceFunc is the function name to which we want to connect.

callObj(optional) is the object which we want to use for the handler function.

callFunc is the function that we want to execute when sourceFunc is executed.

Here sourceObj, callObj are optional for the global functions.
suppose if your sourceFunc is global function then no need to pass the sourceObj or you can use null or self.
suppose if your callObj is global function then no need to pass the callObj or you can use null or self.

Question 9. Explain The Concepts Of "$ Function" In Jquery With An Example?

Answer :

The type of a function is "function".
There are a lot of anonymous functions is jquery.

$(document).ready(function() {});

$("a").click(function() {});

$.ajax({

url: "someurl.php",

success: function() {}

});

Question 10. Why Is Jquery Better Than Javascript?

Answer :

jQuery is great library for developing ajax based application.

It helps the programmers to keep code simple and concise and reusable.

jQuery library simplifies the process of traversal of HTML DOM tree.

jQuery can also handle events, perform animation, and add the Ajax support in web applications.

Question 11. Explain How Jquery Works?

Answer :

<html>

<head>

// You can write the code here

</script>

</head>

<body>

<a href="http://www.wisdomjobs.com/">WisdomJobs</a>

</body>

</html>

Question 12. When Can You Use Jquery?

Answer :

jQuery can be used to for developing ajax based applications.

It can be used to keep the code simple, concise and reusable.

It simplifies the process of traversal of HTML DOM tree.

It can also handle events, perform animation, and add the ajax support in web applications.

Question 13. What Is A Jquery ?

Answer :

It’s very simple but most valuable Question on jQuery means jQuery is a fast and concise JavaScript Library that simplifies HTML document traversing, animating, event handling, and Ajax interactions for rapid web development. jQuery is designed to change the way that you write JavaScript. jQuery is build library for javascript no need to write your own functions or script jQuery all ready done for you.

Question 14. Change The Url For A Hyperlink Using Jquery?

Answer :

There are three way to change the URL for a Hyperlink using jQuery.

$("a").attr("href", "http://www.wisdomjobs.com/");

$("a[href='http://www.wisdomjobs.com/']") .attr('href', 'http://wisdomjobs.com/');

$("a[href^='http://wisdomjobs.com']").each(function(){ this.href = this.href.replace(/^http: / / beta.wisdomjobs.com/, "http://wisdomjobs.com"); });

Question 15. Check Or Uncheck All Checkboxes Using Jquery?

Answer :

There are different methods to check and uncheck the check boxes.
suppose that you have checkboxes like that

using attr() function.

$(‘#checkall’).click(function(){

$(“input[@name='Items']:checked”).attr(‘checked’,true);

});

$(‘#uncheckall’).click(function(){

$(“input[@name='Items']:checked”).attr(‘checked’,false);});

using attr() and removeAttr()funstions

$(‘#checkall’).click(function(){

$(“input[@name='Items']:checked”).attr(‘checked’,true);

})

$(‘#uncheckall’).click(function(){

$(“input[@name='Items']:checked”).removeAttr(‘checked’);})

Question 16. Fetch The Values Of Selected Checkbox Array Using Jquery?

Answer :

Suppose that below is checkbox array
<input type=”checkbox” value=”1″ name=”Items[]“ id=”Items1″ />
<input type=”checkbox” value=”2″ name=”Items[]“ id=”Items2″ />
<input type=”checkbox” value=”3″ name=”Items[]“ id=”Items3″ />
<input type=”checkbox” value=”1″ name=”Items[]“ id=”Items4″ />
and we want the get the value of selected checkbox using jquery.
then simple use below code.
var selItems = new Array();
$(input[@name='Items[]‘]:checked”).each(function() {selItems .push($(this).val());});
Here selItems will take all selected value of checkbox.

Question 17. How We Can Apply Css In Multiple Selectors In Jquery?

Answer :

Here to take effect is example to demonstrate
$(“div,span,p.myClass”).css(“border”,”1px solid green”);
the border will be apply in all div,span ,p.myClass class element.

Question 18. How We Can Modify The Css Class In Jquery?

Answer :

Using css method we can modify class using jquery
example:$(“.CssClass1.CssClass2″).css(“border”,”1px solid green”);
CssClass1,CssClass2 will be modify to border 1px solid green.

Question 19. How Can We Apply Css In Div Using Jquery?

Answer :

using css() method we can apply css in div element.
example:
$(“div”).css(“border”,”1px solid green”);

Question 20. Get The Value Of Selected Option In Jquery?

Answer :

<option value="2">Hello</option>

<option value="3">Helloooooo</option>

</select>

want to get the value of selected option, then use

$("select#sel").val();

or text of selected box, then use

$("#seloption:selected").text();

Question 21. Check/uncheck An Input In Jquery?

Answer :

Using two function, we can perform the operation.

// Check #x

$(“#checkboxid”).attr(“checked”, “checked”);

// Uncheck #x

$(“#checkboxid”).removeAttr(“checked”);

Question 22. Disable/enable An Element In Jquery?

Answer :

// Disable #x

$(“#x”).attr(“disabled”,”disabled”);

// Enable #x

$(“#x”).removeAttr(“disabled”);

Question 23. What Are The Advantages Of Jquery?

Answer :

The advantages of using jQuery are:

JavaScript enhancement without the overhead of learning new syntax.

Ability to keep the code simple, clear, readable and reusable.

Eradication of the requirement of writing repetitious and complex loops and DOM scripting library calls.

Question 24. Explain The Features Of Jquery?

Answer :

Features of jQuery are :

Effects and animations

Ajax

Extensibility

DOM element selections functions

Events

CSS manipulation

Utilities – such as browser version and the each function.

JavaScript Plugins

DOM traversal and modification.

Question 25. How Can We Apply Css In Odd Childs Of Parent Node Using Jquery Library?

Answer :

$(”tr:odd”).css(”background-color”, “#bbbbff”);

Question 26. How Can We Apply Css In Even Childs Of Parent Node Using Jquery Library?

Answer :

$(”tr:even”).css(”background-color”, “#bbbbff”);

Question 27. How Can We Apply Css In Last Child Of Parent Using Jquery Library?

Answer :

$(”tr:last”).css({backgroundColor: ‘yellow’, fontWeight: ‘bolder’});

Question 28. What Does A Special Set Of Tags Do In Php?

Answer :

The tags <?= and ?> displayed output directly to the web browser.

Question 29. How Can We Calculate The Similarity Between Two Strings?

Answer :

Using similar_text() get similarity between two strings.

Return Values

Returns the number of matching chars in both strings.
example

<?php
$first =’php3′;
$first =’php4′;
echo retail price similar_text ( $first, $second ) //3
?>

Question 30. Return Ascii Value Of Character In Php?

Answer :

using ord() method we can get ASCII value of character in php.

<?php

$str = "n" style="color: #007700;">;

if (ord style="color: #0000bb;">$str) == 10) {

echo "The first character of $str is a line feed.n";

}

Question 31. How Can I Execute A Php Script Using Command Line?

Answer :

Just run the PHP CLI (Command Line Interface) program and provide the PHP script file name as the command line argument. For example, “php myScript.php”, assuming “php” is the command to invoke the CLI program. Be aware that if your PHP script was written for the Web CGI interface, it may not execute properly in command line environment.

Question 32. What Difference Between Require() And Require_once()?

Answer :

Require()
The Require() is used to include a file, It create fatal error if file not found and terminate script.

require_once()
The require_once() to require() except PHP will check if the file has already been included, and if so, tricor online not include (require) it again.

Question 33. What Does Dollar Sign ($) Means In Jquery?

Answer :

Dollar Sign is nothing but it's an alias for JQuery. Take a look at below jQuery code

$(document).ready(function(){

});

Over here $ sign can be replaced with "jQuery " keyword.

jQuery(document).ready(function(){

});

Question 34. Mac, Windows Or Linux? Why Do You Love This Platform While Using Jquery?

Answer :

I switched to Mac hardware around a year ago and I’m totally in love with it. All components work together nicely, and so far, I never had to return my Mac book Pro to the Apple Store because of an issue. However, I’m still using Windows through Parallels because OSX, while visually nice and stable, has fundamental usability flaws.
One of these flaws is the Finder. I recently worked on the jQuery UI Selectables in the labs version, and once again saw that the Finder had great flaws when it comes down to selection. For instance, if you select multiple items and click on one of them, the multiple selection isn’t cleared. Also, my tools that I love for windows simply don’t have an alternative yet .

Question 35. How Is Body Onload() Function Is Different From Document.ready() Function Used In Jquery?

Answer :

Document.ready() function is different from body onload() function because off 2 reasons.

We can have more than one document.ready() function in a page where we can have only one onload function.

Document.ready() function is called as soon as DOM is loaded where body.onload() function is called when everything gets loaded on the page that includes DOM, images and all associated resources of the page.

Question 36. What Is Jquery Ui?

Answer :

JQuery UI is a library which is built on top of JQuery library. JQuery UI comes with cool widgets, effects and interaction mechanism.

Question 37. Name Some Of The Methods Of Jquery Used To Provide Effects?

Answer :

Some of the common methods are :

Show()

Hide()

Toggle()

FadeIn()

FadeOut().

Question 38. What Are The Different Type Of Selectors In Jquery?

Answer :

There are 3 types of selectors in Jquery

CSS Selector

XPath Selector

Custom Selector.

Question 39. How Can You Select All Elements In A Page Using Jquery?

Answer :

To select all elements in a page, we can use all selectors, for that we need to use *(asterisk symbol).

$("*").css("border", "2px dotted red");

</script>

Question 40. Which Version Of Jquery File Should Be Used?

Answer :

In most of the recent releases so far, the core functionality of jQuery remains same however some more cool and better features are added. Ideally you should use the latest jQuery files available. By doing this you ensure that your earlier functionality will still work and you can use new features available as part of the new release.

Question 41. What Are Selectors In Jquery Mean ?

Answer :

Generally in HTML, if we need to work with any control on a web page we need to find the control. For that we use document.getElementByID or document.getElementByName. But in jquery we do it using Selectors.
Using this selectors we can select all the controls as well using a symbol (* )
A sample code snippet can be of this form

$("*").css("border", "10px red");

</script>

Question 42. Do We Need To Add The Jquery File Both At The Master Page And Content Page As Well?

Answer :

No, if the Jquery file has been added to the master page then we can access the content page directly without adding any reference to it.
This can be done using this simple example
<script type="text/javascript" src="jQuery-1.4.1-min.js"></script>

Question 43. What Is The Advantage Of Using The Minified Version Of Jquery Rather Than Using The Conventional One?

Answer :

The advantage of using a minified version of JQuery file is Efficiency of the web page increases.

The normal version jQuery-x.x.x.js has a file size of 178KB but the minified version jQuery.x.x.x-min.js has 76.7 KB.

The reduction in size makes the page to load more faster than you use a conventional jQuery file with 178KB.

Question 44. What Is Cdn And How Jquery Is Related To It?

Answer :

CDN - It stands for Content Distribution Network or Content Delivery Network.
Generally, a group of systems at various places connected to transfer data files between them to increase its bandwidth while accessing data. The typical architecture is designed in such a way that a client access a file copy from its nearest client rather than accessing it from a centralized server.
So we can load this jQuery file from that CDN so that the efficiency of all the clients working under that network will be increased.
Example :
We can load jQuery from Google libraries API
<script type="text/javascript" language="Javascript"
src="https://ajax.googleapis.com/ajax/libs/jquery/1.4.4/jquery.min.js"></script>

Question 45. Can We Select A Element Having A Specific Class In Jquery ?

Answer :

Yes, we can select an element with a specific class, we use the class selector.The class name must contain the prefix as "." (dot).

$(".class1").css("border", "2px solid red");

</script>

Question 46. What Are Features Of Jquery Or What Can Be Done Using Jquery?

Answer :

Features of Jquery:

One can easily provide effects and can do animations.

Applying / Changing CSS.

Cool plugins.

Ajax support

DOM selection events

Event Handling.

Question 47. What Are The Advantages Of Jquery ?

Answer :

There are many advantages with JQuery. Some of them are :

It is more like a JavaScript enhancement so there is no overhead in learning a new syntax.

It has the ability to keep the code simple, readable, clear and reusable.

It would eradicate the requirement for writing complex loops and DOM scripting library calls.

Question 48. Why Jquery?

Answer :

jQuery is very compact and well written JavaScript code that increases the productivity of the developer by enabling them to achieve critical UI functionality by writing very less amount of code.
It helps to

Improve the performance of the application

Develop most browser compatible web page

Implement UI related critical functionality without writing hundreds of lines of codes

Fast

Extensible – jQuery can be extended to implement customized behavior.

Other advantages of jQuery are

No need to learn fresh new syntax's to use jQuery, knowing simple JavaScript syntax is enough.

Simple and Cleaner code, no need to write several lines of codes to achieve complex functionality.

Question 49. What Is The Use Of Delegate() Method In Jquery?

Answer :

The delegate() method can be used in two ways.
1) If you have a parent element, and you want to attach an event to each one of its child elements, this delegate() method is used.
Ex:Un-ordered
2) When an element is not available on the current page, this method is used.
.live() method is also used for the same purpose but, delegate() method is a bit faster.

Question 50. What Is The Name Of Jquery Method Used For An Asynchronous Http Request?

Answer :

jQuery.ajax().

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Friday, June 26, 2020

Web Development Interview Questions and Answers