Data type is an essential component of a language or script that is used to define the type of data being used in framing the database. It is important for you to know that MongoDB stores data in BSON format. In this chapter, you will learn about the different data types that exist in MongoDB, along with their implementation techniques.
What Are JSON and BSON?
JavaScript Object Notation (JSON) is a
standard file format that uses human type readable text to transmit data with
attribute-value pairs and array data types. This is one of the most common data
formats which are mainly used for asynchronous browser-server communication.
JSON is a language-independent format. BSON, on the other hand, is a computer
interchange format that is mainly used for data storage and as a network
transfer format in the MongoDB database. It is a simple binary form which is
used to represent data structures and associative arrays (often called
documents or objects in MongoDB).
Key Differences between JSON and BSON
Both are popular choices in the market; let us discuss some of the major
difference:
BSON is a serialization format encoding format for JSON mainly used for
storing and accessing the documents whereas JSON is a human-readable standard
file format mainly used for transmission of data in the form of key-value
attribute pairs.
BSON is designed such that it consumes less space, but it is not
extremely efficient than JSON. BSON in fact in some cases uses more space than
JSON. The reason for this is traversability which means that BSON adds some
additional information to documents like string length and sub-objects which in
turn makes the traversing faster.
Different MongoDB Data Types
Remote procedure calls
in MongoDB can be made by using the BSON format. MongoDB has a unique way of
representing data types in which each data type is associated with an alias as
well as a number that is usually used to search or find any specific record
within a MongoDB database. MongoDB allows its users to implement different
variations of data types:
Integer
Integer is a data type that is used for storing a numerical value, i.e., integers as you can save in other programming languages. 32 bit or 64-bit integers are supported, which depends on the server.
db.TestCollection.insert({"Integer example": 62})
Output:
String
String is one of the most frequently implemented data type for storing the data.
db.TestCollection.insert({"string data type" : "This is a sample message."})
Output:
Double
Output:
Null
Null is implemented for storing a Null value.
db.TestCollection.insert({" EmailID ": null})
Output:
Date
Date is implemented for storing the current date and time as UNIX-time format.
var date=new Date()
var date2=ISODate()
var month=date2.getMonth()
db.TestCollection.insert({"Date":date, "Date2":date2, "Month":month})
Output:
Boolean
Boolean is implemented for storing a Boolean (i.e., true or false) values.
db.TestCollection.insert({"Nationality Indian": true})
Output::
Arrays
Arrays are implemented
for storing arrays or list type or several values under a single key.
var degrees = ["BCA", "BS", "MCA"]
db.TestCollection.insert({" Array Example" : " Here is an example of array"," Qualification" : degrees})
Output:
Object
Object is implemented for embedded documents.
var embeddedObject = {"English" : 94, "ComputerSc." : 96, "Maths" : 80,
"GeneralSc." : 85}
db.TestCollection.insert({"Object data type" : "This is Object",
"Marks" : embeddedObject})
Output:
Min/Max Keys
Min / Max keys are implemented for comparing a value adjacent to the lowest as well as highest BSON elements.
Regular expression
Regular expression is implemented for storing regular expression.
Code
Code is implemented for storing JavaScript code for your MongoDB
document.
Binary data
Binary data is implemented for storing binary data.
Object ID
Object ID is implemented
for storing the ID of the document.
